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Introduction:

My goal for this essay is to show how much violence is in our country and how much we see it on a daily basis. I just want people to be aware of this. I'm proud of the work I put in it and shout out to Christina and Tobi for the peer review.

Constant Violence in US

There are a lot of examples of violence being ingrained in our minds in our society. Whether it be subconsciously or consciously we cannot escape because these factors are all around and are influencing us daily. One example is the media. The media always reports shootings, robberies, and other acts of violence on a daily basis and then go on to the next topic: essentially just glossing over it like its nothing new. The second factor is our own president Donald Trump. At his rallies, he has a history of condoning violence.  What both of these examples have in common is that they’re things that people look up too or look at. These are just some of the many things that we see everyday that affect us and ingrain in our brain. If you go on NBC 10 News you’ll see a violent act that was committed and then right next to it is something light-hearted or even silly. In a article on the NBC 10 news website (April 23, 2019) it stated how the body cameras on the policemen were being used incorrectly as there was a police shooting. Then there was a news report about an Easter Bunny using violence to defend a woman who was being assaulted by a man. To be fair this kind of violence (The Easter Bunny) could be justified because he was trying to protect the woman t. The problem in this situation are the bystanders. During the incident they were just watching the woman get beat up. The people on the sidelines were cheering for the Easter Bunny, they said, ” Beat his a** .” multiple times, condoning that this “Easter Bunny fight the man that was fighting the woman. Later that day we come to find out the man in the Easter Bunny suit is a fugitive from New Jersey with a violent past. Here are three pictures of the incident.

In the first picture and second picture, it’s the man in the Easter Bunny suit. In the third picture is him defending the women by beating up the man with excessive force.  

That was just one example of how violence is ingrained in our brains due to the e daily violence shown on media.

Our own president has taken a part of this in many of his rallies and has been known to instigate violence. During Donald Trump’s various rallies he claimed that he didn’t  condone violence. However, that couldn’t be any farther from the truth.

Donald Trump has been contradicting for the longest time.It’s obvious that during this time Donald Trump was trying to gain people’s votes by saying he didn’t condone violence but, it got to the point where he really doesn’t care what he says during his rallies. Donald Trump really has a history of encouraging violence in our country. The crazy part is when he said, “Knock the crap out of them” people were cheering and supporting him with this statement. This shows that if the people in power think it’s ok others will also think its ok that we have violence in our country.   

One last example out of the many examples out there is The Army Experience Center. In the ACE they try to recruit kids in the army by making them play violent video games. They use these games as a means to unlock the violence that’s inside kids without them even realizing it. Here are some statistics from the ACE,” As of October 12, 2009:

• The AEC had registered nearly 13,000 new visitors

• The AEC had contracted a total of 149 recruits -- 134 for active duty and 15 for Reserves

• The AEC had obtained 72 “quality enlistments," referring to recruits who scored in the 50th percentile or above on the Armed Forces Qualification Test

• On average, 80 people visit the AEC per day

• The HMMWV [Humvee] is the AEC’s most popular simulator”

And this is just for 2009. There were 80 People visiting a day being brainwashed by violent video games so they can join the army. Using video games as a means to gather kids to join the army is kind of sick. The kids don’t know better either, they think they’re just there to play some Call of Duty or something when in actuality the people who work at ACE are evaluating how useful they can be in the army.  

There is a way to solve this. We all need to be careful what we look at what we feed our minds because if we feed our minds violence it’s going to want violence. If we feed our minds kind thoughts and kind actions then our minds are going think positively and do positive things. If we keep just following others like Donald Trump it’s just going to strengthen the hold that violence has on our minds but if we don’t allow to take control of us then everything will be fine. This is why we need to be aware that violence is being ingrained in our mins.

These are just three examples of how violence is ingrained in our brains. No matter how hard we try to avoid it there will be violence all around us, it’s just how society is at this day and age. There are even people out there who support violence as seen in example two. In the end, the many examples out here can ingrain violence in our brains but that doesn’t mean everybody is hostile.  

Work sited

https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000004269364/trump-and-violence.html?playlistId=1194811622182&module=tv-carousel&action=click&pgType=Multimedia&contentPlacement=0

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/digitalnation/waging-war/a-new-generation/

https://www.nbcnews.com

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0H3CsKX01ME

Intro: This paper was challenging to write, I had trouble finding the right flow and balance. After revisions, I finally realised what is needed in this essay. My goals for this essay was to have better flow and stronger vocabulary, hopefully I met my own goals. Overall, this essay was a good challenge. (❁´▽`❁)*✲ﾟ*

The U.S. military has high standards for medicine, the standards in mainstream medicine should be raised. Medicine is the solution, a practice to treatment preventing illnesses or injury. Medicine is not just about doctors, it is about specialties and qualifications. Modern medicine can be overlooked, but it doesn’t always have the solution to everything. Today, training and practices are still improving to treat patients efficiently and correctly. Many trauma centers across America are influenced by military medicine. Military medicine faces a challenging situation that requires intense training. They have limited time and materials on the battlefield, but are driven to treat the patients. On the other hand, trauma centers are able to ‘fluctuate’ the time and they have the materials needed, but why are trauma centers influenced by the military, it should be vice versa.

The training and the budget for modern medicine are not always as reliable. Modern medicine training do not have the same pressure to adapt to the situation. A fundamental value is funding; it is funding dedicated to military training and it is an advantage. The money towards training creates this foundation, it forces them to use all resources to do what they can save. With that convenience, would modern medicine be influenced by other specialties? Or have created this innovation at first hand?

Mainly, trauma centers are influenced by military medicine training and practices, according to U.S. Medicine, “‘Historically, many improvements in trauma care have been observed during war and innovations made on the battlefield due to the large and concentrated number of severely-injured patients,”... “Historically, improvements in operative trauma care have been driven by war and innovations on the battlefield.” (2016) Clearly stated, trauma centers use innovation used on the battlefield, and it has improved care. We can gain these alterations into civilian life. The first thought that comes into mind about the battlefield, we tend to think about death. We should turn that thought around and acknowledge that it’s not just about trauma.

Gaining innovations like damage-control resuscitation (DCR), which is what the military doctor use, is now something that many trauma centers practice. According to the U.S. Medicine, Wars’ biggest damage to a soldier is blood loss from weapons, bullets, grenades, missiles, etc. Several techniques are used to slow down the flow of blood, a rope is tied around the wounded limb, but as simple as that it wasn’t in the favor of the wounded soldier or doctor. The method of choice on the battlefield now is to cauterize the wound, burning the flesh to create a temporary close. Compared to modern medicine, this method is used for emergency surgery to stop bleeding. That innovation changed the game for modern medicine.

Small innovation on the battlefield can create a large impact; simply observing a wound can lead to a medical breakthrough. A fresh wound on a soldier may illuminate or glow. The ‘glow’ that appears on the wound may predict a higher survival rate than those who do not have the ‘glow’. What is the reason behind the glow? The glow came from Photorhabdus-luminescens, which is a bacterium carried by nematodes. The soldier crawling through mud attracted insects which had the bacterium. The bacteria is found to fight off insects, but also competing for microbes. Photorhabdus-luminescens is now used to treat antibiotic infections. Now, other researchers found a way to treat HIV and other diseases. These situations of battlefield innovations prove that it creates a large impact on mainstream medicine. How can modern medicine create the same innovations?

Having the same high standards for modern medicine might be the solution. Creating the mentality that military doctors have, these innovations can be created. If trauma centers had the same mentality would the survival rate increase? Just a simple observation can create an impact. Brought to Life Exploring the History of Medicine states, “War is often associated with new discoveries in medicine. Some of these discoveries have been relatively small, but others have had a significant impact on our understanding of the body and the impact of the trauma of war on the mind and body.” To keep in mind, the situations that a soldier goes through may not be seen in a trauma center, the environments are different. The situation may not ‘simulate’ the same during war. Comparing these two different, but related topics may not be a straightforward comparison. War’s pressure and environment might also be an element to these advancements.

Medicine is a battlefield itself, finding any way to fight off infections and injuries. The techniques and methods used in war are now used in modern medicine, it’s efficient and less invasive. Plato said, Necessity is the mother of invention when needed something, it must be forced or find a way to achieve it. That is the mindset that the military doctors have to have strict training, meanwhile, modern medicine doctors should follow along and it might change their own results. With the training and pressure given to the military, many innovations were achieved. Creating reliability may be the answers to more innovations, but also finding the right balance. Training, mentality, and environment all play a role in mainstream medicine, thus, benefiting our society. We can gain these advantages that military medicine goes through, we shouldn’t have to look back at the advancements made on the battlefield. Starting now, creating our own environment to create our own innovations.   

Citations:

Usmedicine.com. “Major Military Advancement in Trauma Care Now Adopted by Civilian Medicine.” U.S. Medicine, 8 Apr. 2016, www.usmedicine.com/agencies/department-of-defense-dod/major-military-advancement-in-trauma-care-now-adopted-by-civilian-medicine/.

“Science Museum. Brought to Life: Exploring the History of Medicine.” Medical Innovations and War, http://broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/themes/war/innovations

the meaning of this essay is to dive into the idea mindset of people who go the hardship of war. Not much else to say but hopefully you enjoy my essay.

War and violence are things that can drastically change a person for better or worse. Thought usually it’s for the worse and that leads to a multitude of other problems. It teaches us who’s hiding something deep within that they themself didn’t even know existed. Violence Teaches us how to react when attacked and how will you respond when they point fingers to figure out who to blame. War teaches us how one tiny battle can blow up to the point it drags everyone and thing till there's nothing left but an empty hollow of what was. In the classic lyrics of ‘’War’’ by Edwin Starr ‘’War...huh….what is it good for? Absolutely Nothin’’.

Some people stay haunted by their past decisions and it can become a life wrecker. Whether or not it’s from guilt, or some suppressed memory they’ve kept locked away for a long time finally coming back to light. These haunting memories can lead to depression, suicide or a long life of self loth and hate towards one’s self. Like Norman Bowker, a man who felt like there was nothing left for him. In the book of ‘’The things they carried’’ by Tim O'brien, he committed suicide at a YMCA and had left a seventeen page hand written letter saying how he couldn’t find meaning. When Bowker was writing ‘’If I die in a combat zone’’ it brought back a lot of memories of his time in vietnam and one of the biggest being the death of his best friend Kiowa. He would constantly blame himself for his death, believing that he caused it with his flashlight looking at a picture of his (Ex) girlfriend during the time. Leading to a mortar hitting the mud, water and shit feld their crew were camped in and Kiowa being sucked into the ground beneath.

Going back into the idea that war changes a person is a very interesting topic and a quite difficult one. The difficult part of it is the question of ‘’were they always like this?’’ or was it the environment that shaped what they would become? Then that's where the interest comes in because your hooked and now you just need to know or you won’t get sleep or even rest. If we say environment then the conditions are what come to mind. Could it be the weather of the area that stings the mind from overbearing heat or bone freezing cold? or maybe it’s the constant annoying animals and insects that never shut up day and night keeping your mind in neverending noise? But if we go by the war itself then it’s easier to figure and understand (from an outside view). A close death encounter could change your view on the world like you take it easy or try to find that thrill again. That or being on the front line of the fighting and seeing the many horrors war can bring to you in one place.

It’s all this that cause people to change from good people to just death wanting husks of their former selves. These horrible and disturbing moments truly twist the way you view the world and make you realize that life isn’t as peaceful as you once thought. So whenever you see a homeless vet or a vet with PTSD think twice before you immediately demonize them. Because they seen and done things that still haunt them to this day and did things you would never do. Respect to the VETs and thank god for your service.       

Sources: ‘’The things they carried’’ by Tim O'brien

For my capstone I chose to host a wiffle ball game, I wanted to focus on collaboration and how teamwork will led to a better performance in the game. To kick off my capstone I began by doing a ton of research on what it means to collaborate and how team work, enhances the teams play versus everyone just doing their own thing. After I got done with the research on that I then had to learn all of the wiffle balls rules and regulations. I learned the history behind wiffle ball and how it came to be. After gathering up all the information I needed I then made a google form, in the google form I simply asked “would you be interested in playing wiffle ball?” I only had two options for the answer and they were yes or no. I didn’t send the form out to every single student, I just sent it to people who I thought would actually want to play the sport. I only needed 11 other players, I wanted to have 6 players to a team. I felt like with more people the game would become more difficult to manage, also with less people there is less chances of conflict. We played the official game at Chew playground which is located 18th and Washington Ave. The game turned really well, every player from both teams were already friends and had already formed bonds with one another. I invited two friends of mine from outside of school to play in the game, and as the game went on they began to fit right in and they became friends with everyone else.

“A Brief History of Wiffle Ball.” Mental Floss, Mental Floss, 29 June 2014, mentalfloss.com/article/24609/it-curves-brief-history-wiffle-ball.

This source addresses the origins about how wiffle ball came to be and why it is played. I chose this because through my capstone I would like to also inform the players about some of the history that comes from wiffle ball. I feel as though if they knew about how the game started it would give them a better grasp of the game, with hopes that it will make them play harder.

“NWLA Tournament.” NWLA Tournament, nwlatournament.com/.

This source is the professional wiffle ball league, this will help me with planning the tournament and creating teams. I will use their league as a reference to structure my tournament. Hopefully this source will prove to be very helpful.

Rossmann, Jenn Stroud. “The Contentious Physics of Wiffle Ball.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 17 Jan. 2018, www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/09/wiffle-ball-physics/539982/.

This source talks about some of the physics and math behind wiffle ball, this is a way to make my capstone educative, I can hold a meeting before the game and inform the players

Santora, Marc. What's 50, Curvy And Full of Air?; It's the Wiffle Ball, Still Popular, Holes and All. www.nytimes.com/2003/08/14/nyregion/what-s-50-curvy-and-full-of-air-it-s-the-wiffle-ball-still-popular-holes-and-all.html.

This source talks about how wiffle ball stayed relevant through the years, I feel like this relates to my capstone because if wiffle ball didn’t stay popular I wouldn’t even be able to do this as my capstone. This link also points out a few places that you can get wiffle balls and bats from which I found helpful because I will need to go out and buy at least two bats and maybe a couple balls just in case anything happens.

The Wiffle Ball, Inc. - A Brief History, www.wiffle.com/pages/game_rules.asp?page=game_rules.

This source provides information about the wiffle ball rules and regulations. I chose this because while running a wiffle ball tournament it is essential to know how the game is played. I need to have a grasp of all the rules to ensure that we will have fun and fair play.

“UGA SBDC | The Importance of Collaboration.” University of Georgia Small Business Development Center, The University of Georgia Small Business Development Center, 31 Aug. 2015, www.georgiasbdc.org/terry-the-importance-of-collaboration/.

This source points out the importance of collaboration, this is the centerpiece of my capstone. That is one of the reasons why I chose this source, I need to have a deep understanding about the whole concept of collaboration before I do a whole capstone with it at the core. After I read this article I can definitely say that I have a way better understanding of what collaboration should look like and what it should be

Wehbe, Shada. “5 Important Reasons Why Teamwork Matters.” The Online Learning Platform, 17 Apr. 2018, www.potential.com/articles/5-important-reasons-why-teamwork-matters/.

This source gives us information about why teamwork is so important. Wiffle ball is a team sport in which each team will have to work together in order to succeed. Through my capstone I would like make the players understand the importance of teamwork and collaboration and how it will affect the performance of the teams. I want them to understand that teamwork could be the difference between winning and losing.

“What Collaboration Really Means.” ThoughtFarmer, 14 Jan. 2019, www.thoughtfarmer.com/blog/what-collaboration-really-means/.

This is another source that details the importance of collaboration it also gives a few different definitions for the term “collaboration.” I chose this source to even further  my knowledge and understanding of collaboration. I will have to know as much information about it, to prove that collaboration is one of SLA’s most important core values. It also highlights different ways people can collab with one another.

“Which of Your Friends Needs to Learn This Term?” BusinessDictionary.com, www.businessdictionary.com/definition/collaboration.html.

This source gives different definitions for the word collaboration, while watching and reviewing the wiffle ball games it would be very important for me to be able to use different angles to analyze and view the collaboration of the teams. This will eventually make my capstone even stronger, because this can let me explain our core value in different ways.

Payne, Marissa. “Adult Wiffle Ball Is a Thing, and This Play Is Perhaps the Greatest Wiffle Ball Play Ever.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 14 Aug. 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2015/08/14/adult-wiffle-ball-is-a-thing-and-this-play-is-perhaps-the-greatest-wiffle-ball-play-ever/?utm_term=.7bbf1c11e27c.

This source is about the best adult wiffle ball game play ever. This is important to my capstone because this shows that people are still interested in wiffleball. So that means I have an audience for my capstone. So all the hard work that I will put on the capstone will have value to those who have love for wiffle ball.

Frazee, Gretchen. "What Constitutional Rights Do Undocumented Immigrants Have?" PBS. June 25, 2018. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-constitutional-rights-do-undocumented-immigrants-have.

This source is listing out what rights any undocumented immigrant has in this country, even though they might have not been born here. Some of the examples that I might include are, “Right to due process,” “The right to legal counsel,” “The right to be with your family,” and “The right to education.” I want to list these rights out because a lot of people live in fear and when they are placed in certain situations they aren’t aware that there are still rights that pertain to them. I want to show these communities that they can have the same opportunities as others.

"How Immigrants Are Getting Health Coverage." Healthinsurance.org. December 08, 2018. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.healthinsurance.org/obamacare/how-immigrants-are-getting-health-coverage/.

This source is going to be used to show how you don’t have to be a citizen in order to obtain health care access like those natural born citizens. This source lists key points, how the cost and what you can cover are changed based on your situations. This source also talks about how many of the people living here are uninsured, which is important to include as an important statistic. I want to use this to show how they are verified and their status. I think it’s important that people understand that they are getting health insurance and even though they are paying, without having a social security number, they are still doing it through a legal way.

"Low Cost Dental Clinic | Low Cost Dental Clinic." Penn Dental Medicine. March 23, 2018. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.penndentalmedicine.org/low-cost-dental-clinic/.

I am going to be including this source because I want to recommend this location. Personally, my parents have been going here for a while and they have told me that the fees that this dental clinic charges are not expensive. They have told me that they think it’s a very professional place and that everyone there is very kind and that it’s very cheap, considering that they don’t have any insurance.

Nolo. "Is An Immigration Lawyer Worth The Cost?" AllLaw.com. March 24, 2016. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.alllaw.com/articles/nolo/us-immigration/lawyer-worth-cost.html.

This source is very important to include because it talks about the different types of cases that may pertain to the cost for having to want a lawyer. I want to include this source because it’s talking about how, even though they may seem expensive, some of them are very helpful, especially in the case of undocumented people being detained. My main importance is that I want to focus on the Hispanic community, especially the undocumented, since it’s something that I can relate to because of family members. There’s a section on here that directly talks about how these lawyers work in order to determine if there’s a legitimate reason for their stay.

"Nonprofit-Health-Wellness-Latino Immigrant-Philadelphia." Puentes De Salud. Accessed January 24, 2019. http://www.puentesdesalud.org/

The reason why I chose to use this source is because in order to create my handbook, I need to include clinics where people without health insurance are accepted. I was recommended this place by my mother because a lot of people that she knows have been to this place and they don’t charge as much. This place is mainly for the Hispanic community, since the volunteers are trained to speak Spanish. The clinics main purpose is to challenge “embedded social inequalities and injustices.” From what I’ve heard, a lot of people say that everyone here is very kind and they don’t discriminate.

"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Immigration Legal Aid & Pro Bono Services." Justia. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.justia.com/lawyers/immigration-law/pennsylvania/philadelphia/legal-aid-and-pro-bono-services.

This is a website that I’m going to include possibly in my handbook. There are locations that are on here and I plan on going to show up to each of these locations. I want to possibly hand them hypothetical situations and see how much they would charge someone who is undocumented. I want to use this source to include places that might be willing to reduce costs for these people. I also want to understand why it is that these practices are willing to help others, especially the less fortunate. I want to understand the different costs and then compare them in the end.

"Sliding Scale Fees." Wikipedia. August 21, 2018. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_scale_fees.

When I was reading the majority of the articles were listing how in order to figure out how much the people that are undocumented should be charged, they base it off of a sliding fee scale. I was confused when reading what it is and how it is based on income because I don’t understand how this whole system works.

"U.S. Citizen Children Impacted by Immigration Enforcement." American Immigration Council. November 27, 2018. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/research/us-citizen-children-impacted-immigration-enforcement.

What people don’t realize is that the reason why I’m focusing on this capstone is because I want to inform people that if they don’t know their rights, then they might be deported. Therefore, I want to educate people of the negative outcomes/results if families were deported. This source talks about statistics that I can include on my potential website, about how many children have been left without a family member. This source is talking about previous studies have been conducted and their results that have occured. I want to use this source to provide as many current examples so that people can understand why this is important to support these communities.

"What Legal Rights Do Undocumented Immigrants Have? (With Lesson Plan)." KQED. March 29, 2017. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.kqed.org/lowdown/26358/what-legal-rights-do-undocumented-immigrants-have-with-lesson-plan.

This includes a video that I wasn’t sure how to cite but I also wanted to include the writing in it because it lists more rights that these undocumented people have. I think that this source is important to include because it will list out what people need to know when placed in this situation so that they can speak up for themselves.

"Why We Need Social Security." Princeton University. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.princeton.edu/~starr/articles/articles05/Starr-SocSec-2-05.htm.

The reason why I chose to use this source is because I want to know some background information in order to understand why it is that some clinics don’t accept people who don’t have any social security. I don’t understand why it is that some clinics enforce it very harshly, understanding that some people, for example those who are undocumented, don’t have the ability to apply for this. This source mainly talks about the background of how this system came to be and was created. This source is talking about the pros in having the social security, so I can include this to show how people see this as such a positive but there are those that don’t have the opportunity to get one.

Music has been a huge part of my life. Going into the Capstone project, seniors are encouraged to pursue a question of inquiry that “will guide our work.” My original idea was to take broken trumpets and upcycle them into lamps. It was a solid idea but lacked impact. A major part of the Capstone project is how it impacts our communities around us. Why is music so prevalent in society anyways? I broadened my thinking and came across the question of “Why and how is music so important to one’s life?” I decided on restoring used trumpets and donating them to kids in my local Indonesian community. I presented my plan to Braskem in which I got full funding to restore 3 trumpets.

I came to a realization that the tools used for instrument repair were quite advanced and expensive. My knowledge was also not up to par. However, as in Capstone fashion, I learned as I went. Through different articles, forums, and YouTube videos I was able to learn different repair methods and created my own cheaper version. Using two aluminium rods I was able to smooth out the dents of the trumpet bells. I could disassemble and reassemble a trumpet by heart and learned how to solder trumpet joints and slides. I gained a better understanding of the intricacies of trumpets and the beauty in its creation. In the end, I was able to have 3 finished restored trumpets to give to kids in the community.

Barone, Joshua. “A Symphony Breathes Life Into 400 Broken School Instruments.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 4 Dec. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/arts/music/philadelphia-david-lang-symphony-for-a-broken-orchestra.html.

One initiative that was brought up by the School District in partnership with Temple was the Symphony of a Broken Orchestra. The idea behind the initiative was that the School District has a room/rooms full of broken instruments. To fix these instruments, the initiative asks donors to “sponsor” an instrument to pay for its repairs fees and to be able to give them back to the community. This source talks about an event they did, where they assembled an orchestra ranging from ages from 9 to 82 to perform. I will use this source to show progress done in the community, and I have considered talking to this organization. As it is written by the New York Times, I trust this source.

Gill, Charlotte C. “Music Education Is Now Only for the White and the Wealthy | Charlotte C Gill.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 27 Mar. 2017, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/mar/27/music-lessons-children-white-wealthy.

Much of the problem of musical education is the high costs. Lessons can run up to a dollar a minute and instruments are very expensive. The barrier to entry scares off many families and kids. This articles details the problems of viewing music as an elite luxury. The subject needs diversity and more people need to understand there are ways of learning without shelling big dollars. I will use this source to show how important it is in giving kids the opportunity to play an instrument for free and how I can hopefully spark a musical interest in kids lives.

Graham, Kristen A. “Some Philly Schools Have Rich Arts Programs, and Others Have None. How Do You Fix It?” Philly.com, Philly.com, 17 Oct. 2017, www.philly.com/philly/education/why-do-some-philly-schools-have-rich-arts-programs-and-others-none-at-all-arts-mapping-cultural-education-instrumental-music-orchestra-art-20171017.html.

Since 2013, the School District has been trying to build its music program. However, much like the District’s others problems, the programs are disparate throughout all the schools. There are schools in the district like GAMP and CAPA which have amazing music programs, while there are other schools who have no music programs. I will use this source to prove the stats amongst different schools to see who receives funding and to prove the disparity amongst schools and the decision to give them to kids who necessarily aren’t exposed to music education in their public schools. As it is written by the Philadelphia Inquirer, the source is pretty reliable.

Holcomb, Mac. Girard Academic Music Program, gamp.philasd.org/faculty-and-staff/.

This source details personal relationships I have formed throughout my years of schooling. I went to GAMP for middle school. Here I met many teachers like Mr.Holcomb who excelled in musical repairs had extensive knowledge on all types of musical instruments. I know that I will come across roadblocks in my repairs and it is my hope that I will have people like Mr.Holcomb who I can hit up and ask for help. I also know a number of music teachers throughout the district. As my cited source, I used the school’s directory which lists him as the school’s band director.

“How To Clean A Trumpet.” TrumpetHub, www.trumpethub.com/how-to-clean-a-trumpet/.

This source details a step-by-step process on how to properly clean a trumpet. When starting with the restoration process, the first step is to clean the instrument and assessing the damage. The point of this source is to gain a better understanding of this process so I can start off the restoration with a great start. This should be a fairly simple as not many specialty tools are needed to clean the trumpet, hence why am I starting off with the trumpet. In regards to the source, TrumpetHub is a blog about trumpets and has a knowledgeable community on all things trumpet.

Instructables. “Giving a New Life to an Old Cornet/Trumpet.” Instructables.com, Instructables, 15 Nov. 2018, www.instructables.com/id/Giving-a-new-life-to-an-old-CornetTrumpet/.

This source is an Instructables step-by-step process of a person restoring his trumpet/cornet. In this situation, the restoration job wasn’t as complex/difficult as the trumpet did not have too many problems with it. The man, known as “hobbyman,” includes videos and detailed photos throughout his process. I will use this process as a baseline as I want to start off restoring an instrument with not too many problems. I figure that I should start off simpler, and then go more complex if I feel like I can. Although Instructables is not the most credible source, it is not necessarily needed for my project.

McKinstry, Aileen. Why America Needs to Continue Funding Music Education in Public Schools. pp. 1–10, Why America Needs to Continue Funding Music Education in Public Schools.

This source is a journal published by Penn State University. It makes the argument for keeping music in public education. In contrast to others, the source is backed by an institution like Penn State and is very fact based. It includes good graphics and a number of great statistics to further prove the impact of musical education in schools. I will use this source as the academic journal to fulfill the requirement of a reputable source. Furthemore, the source provides a real world example of the lack of funding and the writer brings a personal story into her argument.

Muse, Queen. “Silencing the Music at Philly Schools.” NBC 10 Philadelphia, NBC 10 Philadelphia, 21 June 2013, www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Philly-Students-Face-Uncertainties-School-Cutbacks-Music-212290071.html.

The Philadelphia School District is no stranger to budget cuts. Ever since middle school, the topic at the beginning of every school year was the possibility of losing this, that, or the next thing. This source is an NBC news article on one of the major budgets cuts in 2013. At this time, a lot of music programs were cut out, and the students were the ones that had to suffer. I plan to use this source to explain the lack of musical education in Philadelphia schools and why it needs to change. This will provide my capstone some background information for others to see.

The United States Army Field Band. “What Not To Do: Trumpet Instrument Repair.” YouTube, YouTube, 19 June 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n6wAtZz3wA.

This source is a YouTube video provided by the United States Army Field Band. Going into this project, I believe it is advantageous for me to watch as much content on these repairs as I can while working. However, what is different about this source is that it details the common mistakes of trumpet repairs, instead of the step-by-step process of how to fix trumpets. I will use this source as a way to strengthen my knowledge and avoid common mistakes during this process. This source is pretty credible as it was posted by a YouTube verified U.S. Army channel.

Tom Barnes. “The Scientific Reasons We Should Teach Music to Kids in School.” Mic, Mic Network Inc., 25 Oct. 2015, mic.com/articles/94992/the-scientific-reasons-we-should-teach-music-to-kids-in-school#.WghkcCfzY.

This source details the scientific proof of the benefits of musical education in schools. While the NBC article focuses on the issues of the Philadelphia School District, this source looks at the issue at a much larger scale as it describes the other issues from school districts around the country. It details the cognitive benefits of musical education and mentions various studies on students benefiting from musical education. I will use this source to further strengthen my argument on the reason for musical education and the reason why I believe in my capstone’s importance. Although I am not that familiar with the source, the writer does cite all of his information and provides direct links to his sources.