Martial Law

            I picked this time for my project because first of all, I’m Filipino. Second, I live here in America and the history that is taught in class is not Philippine history. Third, people can learn about the Philippines, the country where I came from. Fourth, this is a nice way to learn about my country’s history! When Mr. Herman told us that we could pick any time and place, the first thing that popped into my head was, Philippines. I was so excited that I even pulled my friend, Longnu Nhan, to be my partner and work together. She also was interested on the Philippine history hence the reason why we just started to work together.

            The first thing that we did before picking a certain time was we searched what would be an event where there’s a huge impact and reaction in the Philippines. There’s a part with Ferdinand Magellan but we thought that was overrated so we picked the sort of recent time where there was a revolution. That is when we found the time where martial law was first declared. The good thing about it is that my parents and grandmother was around during that time.

            When Lulu and I already know what we need to work on, we started to research. Lulu looks for secondary resources and I look for primary resources. I already have a lot of primary resources because I have my mom, dad, aunt, and grandmother to interview about the martial law and Ferdinand Marcos’ regime. Then when Lulu and I finally have all of the information that we needed. We started to pick important dates and events and make our own version of martial law time line. We also added some pictures to have some visual picture on what martial law in the Philippines looks like.

            The design of our tri-fold board was a little simple; all we did was paint the Philippine flag. While doing so, we found out what was the meaning behind the colors and symbols in the flag. The three starts represents the three major geographical regions of the Philippines, which was Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The sun represents the independence and the eight rays of the run represents the eight provinces that led the Philippine uprising against the Spanish rule. The top color of the flag, which is blue, represents peace, patriotism, and justice. The bottom color of the flag, which is red, represents the valor and the blood that was split for freedom and independence.  The triangle in the flag represents equality and the Katipunan nationalist organization. While the color white of the flag represents peace and purity.

General Orders
General Order No. 1 - The President proclaimed that he shall direct the entire government, including all its agencies and instrumentalities, and exercise all powers of his office including his role as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
General Order No. 2 – The President directed the Secretary of National Defense to arrest or cause the arrest and take into his custody the individuals named in the attached list and to hold them until otherwise so ordered by the President or by his duly designated representative, as well as to arrest or cause the arrest and take into his custody and to hold them otherwise ordered released by him or by his duly authorized representative such persons who may have committed crimes described in the Order.
General Order No.3 – The President ordered that all executive departments, bureaus, offices, agencies and instrumentalities of the National Government, government owned or controlled corporations, as well all governments of all the provinces, cities, municipalities and barrios should continue to function under their present officers and employees, until otherwise ordered by the President or by his duly designated representatives. The President further ordered that the Judiciary should continue to function in accordance with its present organization and personnel, and should try to decide in accordance with existing laws all criminal and civil cases, except certain cases enumerated in the Order.
General Order No. 4 – The President ordered that a curfew be maintained and enforced throughout the Philippines from twelve o’clock midnight until four o’clock in the morning.
General Order No. 5 – All rallies, demonstrations and other forms of group actions including strikes and picketing in vital industries such as in companies engaged in manufacture or processing as well as in production or processing of essential commodities or products for exports, and in companies engaged in banking of any kind, as well as in hospitals and in schools and colleges are prohibited.

General Order No. 6 – No person shall keep, possess or carry outside of his residence any firearm unless such person is duly authorized to keep, possess or carry any such Philippines except to those who are being sent abroad in the service of the Philippines.

 

December 30, 1965

Ferdinand E. Marcos became a president.

September 21, 1972

The alleged bombing attack in Enrile’s car.

September 21 1972

President Ferdinand Edralin Marcos, President of the Republic of the Philippines signed Proclamation No. 1081, placing the entire country under his firm grasp.

September 22, 1972

Proclamation No. 1081 was enforced.

January 1973

A new constitution gives Marcos absolute powers.

November 1977

Opposition leader Benigno Aquino is sentenced to death. Marcos delays the execution.

April 7, 1978

First formal election since 1969 for the regional representatives to the Interim Batasang Pambansa (the nation;s first parliament).

June 12, 1978

Ferdinand E. Marcos becomes the Prime Minister of the Philippines

March 1980

 Aquino allowed to travel to the US for medical treatment.

June 16, 1981

Marcos won his third term to be a president.

June 30, 1981

Marcos was re-elected as a president.

1981

Marcos lifts Martial Law.

August 21, 1983

Benigno Aquino Jr. is assassinated when he leaves his plane.

February 22–25, 1986

EDSA Revolution (the fall of Marcos regime)

February 25, 1986

Corazon Aguino becomes president, ending martial law.

September 28, 1990

Military officials are convicted of the murder of Benigno Aquino.

1996

Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) ends the guerrilla war with the government.

June 30, 1998

 Joseph Estrada elected president.

November 2000

Impeachment proceedings start against Estrada on allegations of corruption, betrayal of public trust, and violation of the constitution.

January 2001

 Impeachment trial is suspended on the 16th. There are mass street protests. The military withdraws its support. Estrada stands down on the 20th, proclaiming his innocence. His vice-president, Gloria Arroyo, is sworn in as president.

March 2001

The MILF declares a ceasefire and says it is ready to hold talks with the government.

December 12, 2004

Presidential election takes place. Arroyo's closest rival (a dear friend of Ex-President Estrada) is film actor Fernando Poe, Jr. Arroyo narrowly defeats Poe, taking 39.5% of the vote to Poe's 36.6%.

2007

Former President Joseph Estrada is convicted of plunder, the first ever in the history of the Philippines.

December 4, 2009

Proclamation No. 1959, President Macapagal-Arroyo has officially placed Maguindanao province under a state of martial law.

June 30, 2010

Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino, son of Cory and Ninoy Aquino, becomes president.

 

PROCESS PAPER





ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary:

Grandmother:
I will interview my parents because they were young when former president Ferdinand Marcos signed the petition for Philippines to be placed under Martial Law. It will help me put more depth to my project because I will have someone who I can interview that experienced what was going on throughout the time. It is nice to get an opinion of a parent, since my grandmother already have my aunts and uncles’ back then when Martial Law was passed. It would be great to know what she felt about her kids and their surroundings. How it was different before and after the Martial Law.  

GIF
The gif document is basically a set of photos but it shows the different ways the people protested. It’s like a growing picture when each photo have a lot of people in it with their arms linked together or have huge banners with red tinted inks with slogans written allover it. Instead oh having a whole bunch of picture, I can use the gif to at least minimize the picture usage. It’s old picture too so its kind of hard to see but even then, you can still see the people around. This will help me with my project because it’s showing different rallies that was going during Martial Law.

Mother:
I will interview my parents because they also have experience things about the Martial Law. Even though they were little back then and do not really know what was going on, their opinion still matters because different people have different views and perspective about the issue. It’s nice to know how their opinions developed once they started to figure out what was happening and how they reacted to the things that are going on around them. For short, its like seeing things from their perspective (in a kid vision) and how it changed when they grew older and learned things in school that they didn’t understand before.

Secondary:

EDSA People Power at 25th Anniversary
This resource was from a person who had some sort of experience with the revolution. For the past 25 years, Philippines became the big man. What do I mean by that? Well, they were able to break their silence and fight for their rights. They were able to create businesses without having to worry about the government taking it away form them. And most importantly, they were able to express their opinions. This source talks about how they Philippines improved since the day of their revolution. Not only did it affect their own country, but it also affected other countries. For example, Russia went from being a communism government to a democratic government. All in all, 25 years ago, the Philippines gave hope for themselves and others.

Milestones after EDSA 1
This resource gave me a list of things that shaped the Philippines today. Within 25 year, a lot of different and important events happened. In 1987, congress reopen and it allowed the Filipinos to vote for a leader who can represent them and be the leader of their government. As time goes by, the American Military bases were in the Philippines but that didn't last that long because there was an eruption of Mount Pinatubo, which cause it to end in 1947. Technology was a huge help for the Philippines because without that, they wouldn't be able to update the world with what was going on in their country. This source taught me how all the events that happened in the last 25 years can still have an impact on others today.

The Philippines After:
This was one of the best resources that I had. I think someone did this as his or her project. I was mainly on this source because it legit had every single details of this revolution and it was so easy to understand. It had videos, a timeline, pictures, and many more. I’m more of a visual person so I was able to understand it more clearer.It mentioned about another revolution that happened on January 20, 2001. It seems like the Philippines is the master of having a revolution without any violence. A few months later, Gloria Macapagal Arroya became president and she was prepared for it. She then fought against the Arroyo administration because they wanted her to step down but she didn't want to. She continue to fight them until August 1, 2009, which then led to her death.

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