Abstract Paragraph

For my capstone I decided to combine carpentry with little bits of economics sprinkled in. I build woodshop cabinets for personal use and documented the price of materials, tools used, and pricing of on the market cabinets. The goal of this was to try and figure out which is cheaper, building your own furniture vs. buying it? Going into this my initial thought was building your own would be cheaper at the expense of qualities    I produced three cabinets using 2 seperate designs and compared their pricing to that of market cabinets that were a similar size. The construction of the cabinets was also taken into account as I tried to make them look very nice and this was a high factor in deciding if they were actually worth it or not.

The process was very simple consisting of mainly 3 parts. Research, construction, and reflection. Through this all I produced what I viewed to be usable cabinets that were made at an affordable price. After this I added together all the costs for production and compared these cabinets to that of purchasable ones. Ultimately the final verdict was very hard to make as there were more and more variables that appeared over time. It came down to actually how much you're producing being the biggest factor. The final decision was that buying cabinets off the market is ultimately better.

Bibliography

Seattletable, and JFP1213. “MÖCKELBY Bench - IKEA.” IKEA US/EN, IKEA, 30 Nov. 2017, www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/products/30348259/.

This source shows me the problem to the pricing of big stores. I think that the big stores should be less expensive. I think the big stores are bad, scammers. Who do scams on the costumer which is not good. Particle-board, which is what this bench is made out of, is not very much money. In fact, particle board is a really bad material that would only cost like 30 dollars or so. (check other source). So this bench shows that there is a significant price markup for like no reason. Which I could hopefully fix for the school, by creating benches and stools and chairs and maybe tables, at the price of the resources not the big companies which scam!  

Steph, et al. “3/4 in. x 4 ft. x 8 ft. Particle Board Panel-ru1191248096000000a.” The Home Depot, 23 Jan. 2018, www.homedepot.com/p/3-4-in-x-4-ft-x-8-ft-Particle-Board-Panel-ru1191248096000000a/202518919?MERCH=REC-_-PIPHorizontal2_rr-_-100058485-_-202518919-_-N.

I used this source mainly for materials reason. I wanted to find what materials would be the best to use for their price. I needed to figure out what kind of wood I was going to use and what the reason was for best using that species of wood. However before I decided this I needed to figure out if using real wood was even worth it. The other option was to use manufactured wood, Mainly plywood or MDF. Pricing for manufactured wood is of course cheaper as it's not real and is cheaper to make. However this price comes at the cost of quality. I decided in the end that used real wood was the best option for me as it was still relatively cheap to use pine and it's easy to handle.

Dahl, Timothy. “How to Build a French Cleat Shelf to Hold Virtually Anything.” Popular Mechanics, Popular Mechanics, 14 Nov. 2017, www.popularmechanics.com/home/how-to-plans/how-to/g2340/how-to-build-a-french-cleat-shelf/.

I needed to know how I was going to hang my cabinets once I made them and I already had some ideas in my head. I had already decided on french cleats. mainly because of their strength and effectiveness, along with the fact that they are easy to install. While I have a basic understanding of how they work I haven't used them for an application that would be holding this much weight and needed to know that the best way to use them was. Ultimately it doesn't come down to cleats themselves but rather where they are hung and the way there hanging on. You simply have to make sure they are secured to a stud.

United States, Congress, Engineering Principles and Practices. “ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES for Retrofitting Flood-Prone Residential Structures .” ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES for Retrofitting Flood-Prone Residential Structures , FEMA.

https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1506-20490-1062/fema259_front_matter.pdf

Now this source was used in a weird way. I didn't need my cabinets to be made flood proof nor did I plan on making the school flood proof. I used this source to look at the structures of houses and how they're built. I would use this to determine the placement of the cabinets along with gaining more knowledge on hanging them. I needed to know if there was any danger is using certain stud to hand the cabinets. This also gave me information on best placement of cabinets for potential house damage which wasn't what I needed but is something I incorporated into determining pricing. If you DIY cabinets you have more power to make them damage proof.

Lake, Matt. “Detectors Can Find Just the Right Spot to Drive That Nail.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 11 Apr. 2001, www.nytimes.com/2001/04/12/technology/how-it-works-detectors-can-find-just-the-right-spot-to-drive-that-nail.html.

This source was used to purchase a stud finder or use different methods to find studs. This is a small part of everything however it still is something you must buy if you want to DIY this. If you don't want to buy one thought there are different methods to use in finding a stud. You can tap on the wall and when it no longer sounds hollow there is most likely a stud. The issue with this though is to determine if there is a stud there or not, you must drill into the wall. If you feel force after drilling through the drywall then you've found a stud. If you don't feel this force then congratulations you just put a hole in your wall.

Todd. “Fusion 360 | Free Software for Students, Educators | Autodesk.” Autodesk 2D and 3D Design and Engineering Software, Fusion 360, www.autodesk.com/products/fusion-360/students-teachers-educators.

I wanted to use CAD for this project just to show that its easy to use and can even give you a slight edge in creating your own cabinets versus mass market cabinets. I decided on using fusion 360 because it's free to me and I already had a basic understanding of how it works. However after using it I discovered a variable I didn't account for. While the process of using it was easy and it definitely helps people with the building process I didn't take into account the price when its not free. It costs a lot and almost definitely puts mass market cabinets as a far cheaper buy.

"Figure 2f From: Irimia R, Gottschling M (2016) Taxonomic Revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: E7720. Https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720." doi:10.3897/bdj.4.e7720.figure2f.

https://www.nationalofficefurniture.com/resources/design-tools/price-lists

I needed to use something to get a general idea of pricing of market cabinets and what my competition was. This source was extremely valuable as it showed me how cabinets are priced based on all different things. It mainly though allowed me to pin my pine cabinets against other market pine cabinets. This allows me to have an even ground because the two products are so similar, materials wise. This source also allowed me to look into customization of market cabinets and how different feature influence the final price more than others. This gave me the ability to show which was a better option based on needs of the person.

Sawyer, Tom Y. "Statements of Profit and Loss and Cash Flow: Plan for Profits and Ready Money." Financial Modeling for Business Owners and Entrepreneurs, 2014, 231-54. doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-0370-5_11.

https://www.business.qld.gov.au/running-business/finances-cash-flow/managing-money/more-profit

This source was used to help me find the total price it would be to make the cabinets accounting for all the tools, materials, and other things used. Aside from that this was also used to help me try and minimize  the amount of money I needed to spend while still producing the best quality work I can. The main thing this source helped me with though is determining the tools used and helped me control the price. The tools I used are very expensive and right off the bat they can cost more than a whole set of cabinets. This source though reminded me that you can use different far cheaper tools to produce similar quality work.

"Figure 2f From: Irimia R, Gottschling M (2016) Taxonomic Revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: E7720. Https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720." doi:10.3897/bdj.4.e7720.figure2f.

https://www.wwgoa.com/how-to-build-cabinets/

I had an idea of how to build cabinets but this source was the main thing I used in helping determine my final design and how I was going to put these together. This site caused me to change a lot in my design along with how I was choosing on holding everything together. This also forced me to look at how I would construct doors and connect them for the first time. I also had to consider the amount of weight these cabinets would be holding. While I originally thought the weight they hold would be exclusively apart of how I hung them, It also slightly about how they are held together. So i had to reconsider what I would put in these along with how much they can hold compared to market cabinets.

"Figure 2f From: Groom Q (2014) The Distribution of the Vascular Plants on the North Frisian Island, Amrum. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: E1108. Https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1108." doi:10.3897/bdj.2.e1108.figure2f.

http://scottmcgillivray.com/design-renovations/know-your-limits-diy-vs-contractor/

My final source was used to help determine if the person who was taking on the DIY challenge could actually handle it. While the price is still the biggest element that must be considered the person is the second biggest factor. Something could be extremely cheap but if the person isn't right they cant handle it and then buying your own market cabinets is better. This also made me consider the average tools that someone already has. So aside from personality, the other factors that the person should be evaluated on it experience and tools they already own. The tools they already own is a massive factor as it cuts a lot into price and the quality of the work.

Just like humans different animals can feel a vast varieties of emotions. Whether it's sadness over another animal's death or joy and comfort over finding a meal, animals are just as capable of feeling just as much as we are. This is the reason why dogs can be so loyal so some humans and territorial towards others. The reason certain animals tend to be more loyal is they can express different emotions.

Much like humans animals are capable of attaching emotions to objects and other animals. A study done by RSPCA has recently looked into how animals are capable of forming friendships with each other. For their study they used fish and were able to find that they form bonds with each other. “The researchers discovered that being in a group gives zebrafish a kind of “social buffering” so they are less afraid when confronted by danger”. The “social buffering” the study is talking about is something that humans also do. The effect these fish feel is often what we call strength in numbers.

Our understanding of how animals think and feel was once very crude and reasonably so as we were trying to understand how ourselves work. Over the past 200 years the understanding of the human mind has changed immensely. Over the past 70 years the understanding of animals minds have grown massively yet we continue to treat animals the same way instead of changing. “although captivity is known to cause profound emotional trauma to large mammals such as orcas and elephants, entertainment venues continue to keep these animals on display”. This quote shows us how the understanding of the animal's mind has changed but not the treatment. We are aware that captivity can cause “profound emotional trauma”  yet we continue to keep them there knowing that if something like this was done to a human it would be unethical.

While our understanding of neither the human or animal brain will never be complete and can still continuously learn from them. If we can change the way we treat other humans because of our advancements in knowledge then why can't we change our treatment of animals knowing that they have emotions of their own.

Over the course of english 3 I have written my 2 fer’s on a number of different topics and have had a varying level of success with these different topics. I have tried different methods for writing these 2 fer’s and have always taken my piers advice on editing. The reason I think this would be my best 2 fer is because I took into account all of my peers suggestions and wrote about a topic that I am extremely invested in.

Citations:

Langer, Emily. "Jaak Panksepp, 'rat tickler' who revealed emotional lives of animals, dies at 73." The Washington Post. WP Company, 21 Apr. 2017. Web. 01 May 2017.

Ian Johnston Science Correspondent. "Fish are sentient animals who form friendships and experience 'positive emotions', landmark study suggests." The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, 31 Mar. 2017. Web. 01 May 2017.

When Congress passed The Animal Welfare Act in 1966, its goal was to regulate the treatment of animals in the United States when it came to research and exhibition. However when the Animal Welfare act was written there was no section included in it that talked about the effects of environmental change to animals. It is understandable that a section like this was left out during the 60’s as much less was known about the connection between animals and the environments they  live in. In today's world much more is known about the connection these two hold. A new section has to be added onto the Animal Welfare Act that criminalizes environmental harm or purposeful destruction as a form of animal abuse.  

The animal welfare act was passed in 1966 with its goal being to give animals protections under law from abuse and cruelty. Since the creation of the animal welfare act it hasn't been edited or added too according to the USDA.  “It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers.” This quote helps show just how much animal rights have been abused. If there is only one law in the united states that regulates and defines the abuse of animals why has it at least not been added too. This shows just how much the government actually cares about animals.

Over the course of earth's history there have has been a total of five mass extinctions with a sixth currently taking place. The first five were caused by natural causes such as asteroid strikes, volcanic eruptions, and natural climatic shifts. The current one is being caused by none other than humans. Researchers from WWF and the Zoological Society of London say  “Animal populations plummeted by 58% between 1970 and 2012, with losses on track to reach 67% by 2020… The destruction of wild habitats, hunting and pollution were to blame.” This goes to show just how damage humans actually have to the environment itself and how that translates to animals. The destruction of wild habitats and pollution are often not looked at as animal abuse and instead are looked at as just collateral damage.  

This is how these statements supports the thesis. Although Animals rights may only seem important to animal rights activists, it should in fact concern anyone who cares about the earth's environment. If one species was to go extant or lose the majority of their population the ecosystem could take a drastic hit from that. Think of it this way if bees were to go extant the plant population would suffer because there would be hardly anyone to polonize them.  

1. despiertense.

2. póngase las gafas.

3. Vean su teléfono.

4. Levantense.

5. Abren a dar sombra.  

6. Prendan las luces.

7. Prendan el televisión.

8. Jagan su ejército por la mañana.

9. Vistanse.

10. Hagan la cama.

11. Vayan afuera del cuarto.

Bathroom-

1. Después de terminar en el cuarto, estan listo para el siguiente paso.

2. Por la mañana se laven la cara con agua y jabón.

3. Se sequen la cara con una toalla.

4. El siguiente paso es encontrar su cepillo de dientes.

5. Cepillense los dientes para dos minutos.

6. No se olviden hacer tu pelo.

7. Encuentrense el peine arreglar tu pelo.

8. Cepillense el pelo.

9. Hay muchos peinados que puedes hacer.

10. Elijan el peinado que te gusta.

11. Después no se olviden afeitar la cara si es necesario.

12. Revisen el tiempo, rapido.

13. Por la mañana usted puede también poner en maquillense.

14. Encuentren el.

15. Maquillense.

Getting organized-

• Después de terminado en el baño, siempre consiguen su mochila

• Primero revisen su mochila para los libros de texto y cuadernos.

• Nunca se olviden la tarea y proyectos.

• Si la tarea no está terminado, haganlo rápido.

• Nunca se olviden hacer la tarea y los proyectos.

• Luego consiguen zapato y se pongan aten los zapatos.

• Vean el tiempo y tráfico

• Consiguen el teléfono

• Carguen el teléfono

• No traigan Carguen escuela

• Alimenten animales y dar animales agua

• No Den mucho comida.

• Consiguen una pluma y un lápiz

• Senten vean television.

• Levanten y consiguen la llave, chaqueta, y cartera.

Eating-

• Primero vayan a la cocina para cocinar waffles.

• Saquen dos huevos, una bolsa de harina, un cartón de leche, una botella de aceite de vegetables, un frasco de azúcar, levadura en polvo, un contenedor de sal, un botella del extracto de vainilla.

• También saquen un bol y una batidora.

• Acuérdense de sacar levadura en polvo y no saquen bicarbonato.

• Mezclen los ingredientes en el bol con la batidora

• No se olviden de quitar las waffles de la molde después de cinco minutos.

• Pongan el waffle en una plata.

• Carguen la plata con el waffle al comedor para desayunar pero no se caigan la plata.

• Siéntense a la mesa.  

• Recuperen un cuchillo y tenedor.

• Unten mantequilla y viertan el miel de maple en el waffle.

• No unten demasiado mantequilla o viertan demasiado miel de maple en el waffle.

• Coman los waffles.

• Después de comer, levántense.

• Un poco luego, vayan a escuela, pero no vayan a escuela sin su mochila.

Artist statement

For my Visual I decided to create a map showing the supplies that the north sent the south. The shows where the supplies started off and how they got to there location and the distance they had to travel.

There are elements of the visual that might not be 100% clear to the person looking at it. One element that might not be clear to the viewer is that the supplies were being sent from the north and not being sent from the south. People may think this because there is no arrow indicating which way the supplies were going. Another element that might not be clear is what time period this is taking place in. People might not know it is between 1865 and 1875 because there is no date on the visual. One last element that might not be clear is how the supplies were being sent to there destination. People looking at the visual might not know what mode of transportation was being used to take the supplies to one point to another.

The visual I created has meaning for the study of the reconstruction era. It has meaning because it shows what the north was willing to send to the south to help them rebuild. We can see from the visual what the south needed to rebuild and how they would use the materials they received from the north.The visual also allows us to see what specific area of the south needed a certain material and shows where in the north the materials were coming from. It also helps viewers see the distance it would take these supplies to reach there destination. lastly it helps viewers understand that there were certain materials that the south was able to produce on their own and didn't need the north to send them it.

Research link

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1feADhbP_qdShAV22oppXhf2WgJNC6mHNZQ05WSd7TCI/edit

Visual link

http://mapmaker.education.nationalgeographic.com/fkiVlhPoXAMc23iJxJU2YH/

Visual link info

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1L_9tP3Jyb000HnnJTXXDt1cnmyMretqZswdVDgisLx8/edit

Nuestros nombres Lily, Vivi, y Matt. Somos estudiantes de Science Leadership Academy. SLA está en Filadelfia, Pensilvania. Está cerca de trigésimo calle estación y el Instituto de Franklin. La escuela es pequeño y muchas personas son amigos. SLA no tengo gimnasio. SLA tienen 500 mas o menos estudiantes. Hay cinco pisos pero sólo usar cuatro. Tenemos mucho tecnología y ciencias. Ofrecemos muchos deportes y arte. Lily participa en arte y la literatura libra. Victoria participa en la poesía.

Las clases que tenemos son bioquimica, historia, inglés, español, álgebra, y consejería. Nuestra favorita la clase es inglés y bioquímica. Son ambos muy divertidos y tiene profesores buenos. Necesitamos papel, lápiz, y libros por todos las clases. En la clase de bioquìmca, nosotros diseccionamos animals. En inglés, leemos libros.

Señor Kay enseña inglés. El es muy creativo y interesante. Su clase es divertida y es muy importante prestar atención. En la clase de inglés, tomamos apuntes. El estudiantes participamos activamente y platicar sobre escuela y amigos. Señor Kay es el entrenar de baloncesto, también.

Me encanta SLA. Tenemos muchas cosas buenas y oppurtunidades buenas. Por ejemplo, nosotros llegamos a el Franklin Institute todos los miercoles. También, tenemos computadoras y profesores muy bien. Me gusta Biochemica y Ingles. Biochemica es muy divertido.

Intro- Hola, te presento a los seres queridos en mi vida.

Yo-Los ojos, Alto, amigo, y nombre.

El-Se llama Justin. Tiene los ojos Cafés y el pelo café claro. Le gusta jugar Fun Run dos y jugar básquetbol también.

ellos-Se llama Justin y Charles. Charles le gusta bailar y ver videos en YouTube. Tiene los ojos cafés y el pelo café claro. Justin Le gusta jugar call of duty y jugar básquetbol también. Charles y Justin son catorce y quince años.

Nosotros- Se llama Justin, Charles, Nick, y yo. Somos todo divertido y inteligente. Ninguno de nosotros. Somos Lindos. somos moy locos.

Fin-Gracias. Adios amigo