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Dream Presentation Notes

Slide 1:

Title

Slide 2:

Ask Class Questions,

Has anyone in this room ever dreamed?

What do you think is happening when you are dreaming?

Have you ever woken up and not remembered your dream?

Slide 3:

Define dreams and basic science

As I'm sure you know, people dream while they're sleeping. But the kind of dream you have depends on what stage of sleep you are in. There are 4 sleep stages, divided into two categories, Rapid Eye Movement and Non-rapid Eye Movement. 

NREM has three sub divisions, Stage N1, Stage N2, and Stage N3. Stage N1 is the lightest stage and occurs when you are just barely unconscious. This is when you may twitch and have dream-like hallucinations. In Stage N2 all conscious of the external world vanishes. In many adults this stage takes up a majority of sleeping time. Stage N3 is when sleep becomes deep and harder to interrupt. Though dreams sometimes occur in these stages, dreams from the REM stage are most likely to be remembered. 

REM sleep accounts for approximately 25% of sleeping time. In this stage, sleep paralysis occurs. Sleep paralysis is needed in this stage because this is when the vivid and memorable dreams occur. 

In one study it was shown that different types of dreams were shown in different sleep stages. People were monitored while sleeping and woken up in different  stages of sleep. When people were woken up from Stage N2 or 3 and given a paper that required them to fill in blanks in sentences, people tended to write words with a positive connotation. When people were awoken in the middle of REM, the words they wrote had a negative connotation. 

Slide 4:

Sleep Paralysis

In REM sleep, you have the most vivd dreams, and to protect your body, your brain causes you to go into a state of paralysis. This natural occurrence only becomes a problem when you wake up while your body is still paralyzed. Sleep paralysis can also be to blame for "alien abductions" due to an acute sense of danger and hallucinations that occur in sleep paralysis. 

Sleep Walking

Sleep walking often occurs during slow wave sleep (stage N3 or N4). Though while sleep walking your eyes are open, you are completely unconscious. Usually sleep walking does not cause any major problems but it can be quite dangerous. People sleepwalking have been known to cook, drive, violent behavior, and in the more extreme cases, homicide. 

Nightmares

Nightmares, in a very basic sense are just dreams with a negative tone. They are dreams that cause fear and sometimes cause people to wake violently. Nightmares sometimes occur due to physical problem, such as an uncomfortable sleeping position, having a fever, or even stress and anxiety.

Lucid Dreaming

Lucid dreams are dream in which the person known they're dreaming but does not wake up. Though sometime people just find themselves in lucid dreams with no preparation, there are many techniques to force a lucid dream. People try to have lucid dreams because it allows the dreamer to do anything they want. It is not quite understood why all dreams are not lucid. 

Slide 5:

Cultural Significance

Common Dreams

There are many dreams that thousands of people have claimed to have, such as teeth falling out, being naked, being chased, fling dreams, falling dreams, and dreams where you are taking a test. 

Dream Interpretation

Though these are not hard facts but for centuries many cultures have used to dreams to forecast the future or give insight about something going on in the person's life currently. Teeth dreams are often associated with anxiety about one's physical appearance. Being spontaneously naked in public while dreaming has been known to mean that you feel vulnerable, shameful, or that you are hiding something that you fear being revealed. There are millions of experiences and objects that can be present in a dream and they can all be interpretted differently. 

Citations:

Hoss, Robert J.. "Science of Dreaming." Dreamscience. N.p., 2005. Web. Jun 2012. <http://dreamscience.org/idx_science_of_dreaming.htm>.

. "Sleep Science." Sleep Science. N.p., n.d. Web. Jun 2012. <http://sleep.science.mma.edu.ph/>.

. "Stages of Sleep." WebMD. N.p., n.d. Web. Jun 2012. <http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/excessive-sleepiness-10/sleep-101>.

. "Content Analysis Explained." Dreamsearch. N.p., n.d. Web. Jun 2012. <http://www2.ucsc.edu/dreams/Info/content_analysis.html>.

For my 10% Project, I created an electronic shirt that lights up when different combinations of the letters are pressed. It is more of a visual project but below I have created a slideshow to document my process. My project was successful since I managed to make my shirt light up in various patterns.

Enjoy....

I decided to learn the physics behind human teleportation. 

Click here

Physics of Running. 

I did my 10% project on thermal energy, which is just another term for heat. My project thoroughly explains the meaning of the word “heat,” and shows examples of how it is present in our everyday lives.

Click here.

My project is about the history of scientific theories. This means that it's about what scientists believed as true over time. The main theories that I'm focusing on are ones there were held to be true, but then discovered to be false. Two very important theories were geocentric theory, and spontaneous generation. I explained how each of these, and 3 more theories were proven false, and how this changed the world. I did this project because I think it's an interesting topic, and think it has to be considered in the future. At the end of the presentation I talk about how this could relate to modern day, and everything that we have learned could be proven wrong.

http://dl.dropbox.com/u/44589199/Spanish%20benchmark%20Q4.mov

here is my video 

On this page I made a twitter with interesting physic facts as well as pictures.

For my 10% project I created a lesson plan for a teacher of the fourth grade, but in this case I made it so I would be presenting.

Click here to view my presentation!
Click here to view my notes! (Includes a made up quiz! Test your skills!) 

My ​Physics 10% Project on fluid and aerodynamics. 

I wrote a lesson about heat and heart attacks. I learned different symptoms and causes of heart attacks and how it works. Below is the lesson.

The Human Heart

Your heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to your body. Your heart is at the center of your circulatory system. This system consists of a network of blood vessels, such as arteries, veins, and capillaries. These blood vessels carry blood to and from all areas of your body.

 

An electrical system controls your heart and uses electrical signals to contract the heart's walls. When the walls contract, blood is pumped into your circulatory system. Your heart is vital to your health and nearly everything that goes on in your body. Without the heart's pumping action, blood can't move throughout your body.

 

Your blood carries the oxygen and nutrients that your organs need to work well. Blood also carries carbon dioxide (a waste product) to your lungs so you can breathe it out.

 

A healthy heart supplies your body with the right amount of blood at the rate needed to work well. If disease or injury weakens your heart, your body's organs won't receive enough blood to work normally.

The heart is one of the most important organs in the entire human body. It is really nothing more than a pump, composed of muscle which pumps blood throughout the body, beating approximately 72 times per minute of our lives. The heart pumps the blood, which carries all the vital materials which help our bodies function and removes the waste products that we do not need. For example, the brain requires oxygen and glucose, which, if not received continuously, will cause it to loose consciousness.

The heart is essentially a muscle(a little larger than the fist). Like any other muscle in the human body, it contracts and expands. Unlike skeletal muscles, however, the heart works on the "All -or-Nothing Law". That is, each time the heart contracts it does so with all its force. In skeletal muscles, the principle of "gradation" is present. The pumping of the heart is called the Cardiac Cycle, which occurs about 72 times per minute. This means that each cycle lasts about eight-tenths of a second. During this cycle the entire heart actually rests for about four-tenths of a second.

The walls of the heart are made up of three layers, while the cavity is divided into four parts. There are two upper chambers, called the right and left atria, and two lower chambers, called the right and left ventricles. The Right Atrium, as it is called, receives blood from the upper and lower body through the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, respectively, and from the heart muscle itself through the coronary sinus. The right atrium is the larger of the two atria, having very thin walls. The right atrium opens into the right ventricle through the right atrioventicular valve(tricuspid), which only allows the blood to flow from the atria into the ventricle, but not in the reverse direction. The right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated. The left atrium receives blood from the lungs via the four pulmonary veins. It is smaller than the right atrium, but has thicker walls. The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle, the left atrioventicular valve(bicuspid), is smaller than the tricuspid. It opens into the left ventricle and again is a one way valve. The left ventricle pumps the blood throughout the body. It is the Aorta, the largest artery in the body, which originates from the left ventricle.

 

 

The Heart works as a pump moving blood around in our bodies to nourish every cell. Used blood, that is blood that has already been to the cells and has given up its nutrients to them, is drawn from the body by the right half of the heart, and then sent to the lungs to be reoxygenated. Blood that has been reoxygenated by the lungs is drawn into the left side of the heart and then pumped into the blood stream. It is the atria that draw the blood from the lungs and body, and the ventricles that pump it to the lungs and body. The output of each ventricle per beat is about 70 ml, or about 2 tablespoons. In a trained athlete this amount is about double. With the average heart rate of 72 beats per minute the heart will pump about 5 litres per ventricle, or about 10 litres total per minute. This is called the cardiac output. In a trained athlete the total cardiac output is about 20 litres. If we multiply the normal, non-athlete output by the average age of 70 years, we see that the cardiac output of the average human heart over a life time would be about 1 million litres, or about 250,000 gallons(US).

Causes

Most heart attacks are caused by a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries bring blood and oxygen to the heart. If the blood flow is blocked, the heart is starved of oxygen and heart cells die. A plaque can build up in the walls of your coronary arteries. This plaque is made up of cholesterol and other cells. A heart attack can occur as a result of plaque buildup. The plaque can develop cracks or tears. Blood platelets stick to these tears and form a blood clot. A heart attack can occur if this blood clot completely blocks oxygen-rich blood from flowing to the heart. This is the most common cause of heart attacks. The slow buildup of plaque may almost block one of your coronary arteries. A heart attack may occur if not enough oxygen-rich blood can flow through this blockage. This is more likely to happen when your body is stressed (for example, by a serious illness). The cause of heart attacks is not always known.

 

Heart attacks may occur:

 When you are resting or asleep

After a sudden increase in physical activity

When you are active outside in cold weather

After sudden, severe emotional or physical stress, including an illness

 

Symptoms

The pain can be severe or mild. It can feel like:

A tight band around the chest

Bad indigestion

Something heavy sitting on your chest

Squeezing or heavy pressure

The pain usually lasts longer than 20 minutes. Rest and a medicine called nitroglycerin may not completely relieve the pain of a heart attack. Symptoms may also go away and come back.

 

Other symptoms of a heart attack include:

 Anxiety

Cough

Fainting

Light-headedness, dizziness

Nausea or vomiting

Shortness of breath

Sweating

Some people (the elderly, people with diabetes, and women) may have little or no chest pain. Or, they may have unusual symptoms (shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness). A "silent heart attack" is a heart attack with no symptoms.

 

Citations:

http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-symptoms

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/151444.php

 

​During the 4th quarter in our Physics class we were assigned to do a 10% time project. This project would be one where we would dedicate "10%" of our time on doing something physics related or something that related to science in general. I chose to make a presentation on my understanding of the hot topic in cosmology and theoretical physics, String Theory. I was inspired after watching a lecture from Brian Greene, a physicist, who explained why our universe is "fined tuned for life." I concluded from his answers that we have lives to live all thanks to our strings! My process was a bit simple, as I continued to research and read new articles published on String Theory so I could overall better my understanding. I wanted to present to my peers, and others a potential candidate for the "Theory of Everything," an idea which outlines all of the forces and laws of physics in the known universe. I did have several contacts during the research portion of my project, some which have not yet responded with answers. For the future I plan to keep following the developments of String Theory well into my college days, hopefully becoming one of the scientist who may pitch in an idea or two!

Click here to a dropbox link of my presentation (pdf format)

My project was an information site on Epilepsy. i chose that after I saw some people on the bus one time joking about Epilepsy and it pissed me off since people are ignorant to the fact that to people that have epilepsy, there's nothing that is scarier than having a seizure and just having epilepsy. Many people don't realize that a lot of people hide the fact that they have epilepsy because many people who are open about it are discriminated against due to public misunderstandings about what it is. Different religions are extremely ignorant and discriminate against those with epilepsy calling it a curse of the devil. Therefore, the point of the project is to teach people about epilepsy and how it affects people like me and other patients' daily lives. Here's the link:

http://cbaez6.wix.com/timeprojectphysics

​For our Physics class we needed a topic. For this project, I chose to talk about it's history. I'm usually a history buff, and science has never really been my thing. Since, I love history and was given a lot of freedom in choosing what I can do; I chose to make a website about the history of physics. My website documents, the "founding fathers" of physics(i.e Galileo, Newton) and what they did and accomplished in the field of science and how it has changed they way people view the world because of it. I look at major parts of Ancient physics, from Aristotle to gravity. I used Weebly to try and do this, I thought Weebly was a cool application and it was very easy to use. Overal, I really enjoyed this project!!

Here's a link to my website!