Changes_Hunt_Hull_Slide(Kat)_Tech_1112
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Altruism In Evolution
Reciprocal
altruism is described as when one animal acts for the benefit of another animal
and in doing so decreases its own fitness. It is in an organism’s best interest
to behave altruistically, because that increases the chances of an organism
returning the favor – thus enhancing its chances to pass on it’s genes. This is
true in organisms, from humans to vampire bats. Most social organism can
benefit from behaving altruistically.
It is the
foundation of evolution that organisms have the need to pass on its genes. Without
it, we would all go extinct. Friends don’t keep providing favors to another
friend, if the other friend never reciprocates, businesses stop providing
services to another business if that business is about go to bankrupt. It’s
human nature to do what’s in the best interest for you.
Vampire
bats also provide an excellent example of altruism amongst organisms. Vampire
bats require blood meals every night. Due to the nature of their diet, they
begin to deteriorate after merely two days of missing a meal. regularly
regurgitate blood and donate it to other members of their group who have failed
to feed that night, ensuring they do not starve.
The
cliché “nice guys finish last” has been disproven throughout the years. By
behaving altruistically, an organism reduces the number of offspring it is
likely to produce itself, but boosts the number that other organisms are likely
to produce. So why would an organism behave in such a manner? The reason for
this behavior is because in the future the giving animal expects to be able to
receive that same service in its own time of need.
Citations
During the writing, pictures started to form. They began from the Egyptian hieroglyphics. Many other religions had their own ways of writing and eventually this later led to Cuniform, Chinese pictograms and also Mayan glyphs. [3] People could communicate in their own writing. The only pondering thought left is how was the writing for communication revolutionized over time? The answer might be that over the years writing is changed in put into different arrangements because it revolutionizes itself. The process of writing is still going on and who knows when it will end. Writing is a form of evolution. [4]
http://www.atlantisquest.com/evolution.html [2]
http://www.krysstal.com/writing_evolution.html [3]
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab33 [4]
Other
hostile environments in different areas instill obedience to a degree of
loyalty, trust and brotherhood. In
war torn areas children are recruited from young to join rebel militia. They pillage through villages stealing
people’s children, killing children who seize to obey. Obedience is pounded into their mind
from young, and if that trait does not sustain, eventually the child will be
killed.
Even
as adults in a modern society obedience to authority prospers. When you disobey the law, you go to
jail, loose connections with the world, and are unable to procreate with the
opposite sex. Adults, who don’t
obey the “rules” loose their job, loose their house and suffer fines and
penalties, which are unpleasant.
Future Questions?
If the government becomes
lenient with there laws will that create more disobedient children?
Does being disobedient or
rebellious make you more attractable?
Citations
Dahlman,
Christian. "The Difference between Obedience Assumed and Obedience
Accepted." Ratio Juris22.2
(2009): 187-196. Advanced Placement
Source. EBSCO. Web. 12 Nov. 2010.
Passini,
Stefano, and Davide Morselli. "The obedience–disobedience dynamic and the
role of responsibility." Journal
of Community & Applied Social Psychology 20.1 (2010): 1-14. Advanced Placement Source. EBSCO. Web.
12 Nov. 2010.
Walcott, Damon
Muir, Pat Cerundolo, and James C. Beck. "Current analysis of the Tarasoff
duty: an evolution towards the limitation of the duty to protect." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 19.3
(2001): 325-343. Advanced Placement
Source. EBSCO. Web. 12 Nov. 2010.
The evolutionary paths concerning vegetarianism seem to be less a matter of biology as they are an issue of cultural ideals. Physically, humans have the internal organs, systems and other mechanisms for meat consumption. However, it has become a growing trend in society to opt out. Some people today choose not to eat meat because they are morally against mass-market animal slaughter. Others do it because it goes against religious values or simply because they believe it to be a healthier life choice. However, it’s hard to go back and pinpoint one specific turning point that “began” vegetarianism.
Back in the day (talking thousands of years,) people got sustenance through “hunting and gathering.” This required a fairly nomadic lifestyle, traveling around to wherever the food source went. By this process, early man spread across the continents. The food that was eaten was not always about choice, but more about availability. If meat was scarce, then less was eaten. However, it is unlikely that people lived a fully vegetarian lifestyle.
Many
scientific researchers agree that humanity would not have developed as it did
without a meat-laden diet.
According to N. A. Barnicot, “It is virtually certain that diet, as a major component of the
human environment, must have exerted evolutionary effects, but researchers
still have little good evidence.”
Meat and animal products do contain vital proteins and nutrients humans
need, especially fats for brain growth.
Many believe that this is the primary reason our brains grew to what
they are today. Scientists have
additionally stated that our teeth would not have formed the way they are if
humans were not meant to tear through meat.
Though it is disputed that animal-product nutrients can be found
elsewhere, meat is often the “best” source. According to Dr. Stephen Byrnes, “Vegetarianism and veganism are neither natural nor healthy
diets…and it is not primarily meat-eating which is responsible for
the spread of cancers and heart disease.” There is cause for concern with
vegans, who are often malnourished in essential vitamins and minerals such as
B12 and iron. People need these to
survive and develop, and it is usually not recommended for children to be
vegan. Some argue that the same
goes for vegetarianism.
Whether
or not someone believes vegetarianism is the right step, the idea developed in
society as a choice. Once people
learned how to farm and grow their own food, they had more options. As agriculture grew, so did population
size, and with it religion. Today,
vegetarianism is still highly connected with religious values, especially in
Buddhism, Jainism and devout Hinduism. According to Daniel Lazare, “Vegetarianism is most
fundamentally about the importance of not taking life other than under the most
extreme circumstances.”
This is not to say someone can’t be a perfectly healthy vegetarian. In fact, Einstein said, "Nothing will benefit human health and increase chances for survival of life on Earth as much as the evolution to a vegetarian diet." I just wouldn’t choose it for myself. The convenience of modern supplements has made it easier to make the switch in a healthier fashion. However I’d argue that if there suddenly were no more animal products, humanity would be weakened. Even if I’m wrong and it isn’t evolutionarily disadvantageous to not eat meat, I don’t think it’s advantageous either.
http://www.diet-and-health.net/Diet/veg_diet.html
http://www.biblelife.org/abrams2.htm
http://www.theecologist.info/page14.html
http://berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/99legacy/6-14-1999a.html
Barnicot, N. A. "Human Nutrition: Evolutionary
Perspectives." Integrative
Physiological & Behavioral Science 40.2 (2005): 114-117. Advanced Placement Source. EBSCO. Web. 9
Nov. 2010.
LAZARE, DANIEL. "My Beef With
Vegetarianism." Nation 284.5
(2007): 25-29. Advanced Placement
Source. EBSCO. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
This
is the question that has been bothering me for the past month. If the theory of evolution is so
troublesome to the school district, why aren’t greek myths? Is it not true that both Greek myths
and the theory of evolution deal with the theme of how life was created? Could
they both not potentially influence student views on creation? What makes them so different?
After much research, I have discovered that a myth can be apart of a theory. Myths are stories that are created as an explanation for why certain things exist. These tales date back to the early history of people. A theory can be used to explain why myths exist all over the world. There is actually a theory known as “The Jesus Myth Theory” that poses the idea that Jesus of Nazareth was not a historical person, but a fictional character or mythological archetype created by early Christians. The idea that Jesus was not real but was a fictitious figure is apart of a larger theory that explains this myth.
According to Religion Compass, “Myths are prose narratives which, in the society in which they are told, are considered to be truthful accounts of what happened in the remote past.” Theories serve to explain why these myths are created. However, myth theories that are taught in school, such as the Greek myth of Zeus, are taught in such a way that makes it obvious that the stories are fictional.
Resources:
Questions to Consider:
•What about a theory makes it controversial?
•What other factors separate the theory of myth and the theory of evolution?
Evolution is a complicated process, but it basically happens
like this. When one species separates into two groups and eventually turn into
two different species is what is called speciation. As these two groups acquire
different traits from each other, they are going through what is called natural
selection which they go through in order to adapt so they would be best fit to
live in their environment. When these two groups have finally become different
species, they have evolved. A perfect example of this is from looking at a
certain kind of bird that has two different kinds of traits. One group of this
bird lives in the west and is white. The other group of this bird lives in the
east and is black. Right now, they are a part of the same species, but since
they do not mate with each other and live in different locations, they will
eventually become two different species because they will be passing different
kinds of traits on to their offspring.
(This image gives an explanation to natural selection. Find it here)
This is what happened with humans and chimps. What I want to know is if humans and chimps evolved from the same species, why did humans become so much smarter than chimps? A long time ago, humans and chimpanzees were the same species. Lets call this species A. It is likely that species A had more chimp like traits than human like traits. Nobody knows for sure, but it is probable that the reason why humans have become so much smarter than chimps is because humans have had more changes in traits from species A than chimps have. It is likely that when species A was separated, the group that evolved into chimps did not move to a highly different environment from where they already lived and the group that became humans moved far away and they were required to have bigger brains in order to survive in their new environment.
Sources:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/08/0831_050831_chimp_genes.html
http://www.christiananswers.net/q-aig/aig-c018.html
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-makes-us-human
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/N/natselect.html