Tyler Creighton Kay Advisory
Bibliography
When I think of selfies, I think of moments that have been captured.When I take selfies it's for many different reasons. Some can be because I like the way I look that day, to share moments with my friends, to show different emotions I feel at the moment, or because Im having a great time and I would like to remember that moment forever. Others may take selfies for different reasons to post to social media, to keep to themselves, or to just look at. I take a selfie usually everyday, its just in my daily routine.I take selfies when I'm happy, or feeling good. I always see something behind selfies. Any picture can tell a story. It was very hard to choose only three pictures that represent me. Although you may not be able to see much of what is going on in the background of my pictures, I am usually always going somewhere or doing something while taking these pictures.Even though it appears that all I like to do is take pictures of myself, I always have a reason. These pictures are like pieces to my everyday puzzle and in the end they all come together to form one big picture.Looking back at my selfies it brings back memories, some laughter, anger, fun and joy.
The picture below reflects how I love to take pictures while I'm out. About 80% of my selfies are when Im not at home. Some may not know this but I do have a slight interest in sports. Even though I do not understand half of whats going on in the games, I like to go because of the excitement and actually seeing players play in person .Everytime I go to any type of game, I make it a goal by the end to at least have taken a few selfies that I can post on social media and show others.I do this to capture the moment and the feelings I felt during this game.The second picture I posted is of me while I am out. This pictures reflects what I do while I am out and bored. I take selfies with strangers. I find humor in this. Peoples reactions are so funny when they find out you're taking a picture of them. Most of the time I crop the people out. This last picture reflects what I do when I am at home bored and have nothing but free time.Take selfies!Selfies are tiny portraits of my life and what I do daily. These are ways I can capture and show the world things I like to do and things that interest me.
The N Section
In the N section I was working on the drawings of cartoons. But it wasn’t just a 2D drawing.I was asked to focus and apply my skills in order to make a 3D drawing. The focus was to make these cartoons look real. This collection brought together a collection of shading methods and drawing techniques with a focus on creating the illusion of third dimension.In these drawings I was taken step by step through the process of drawing characters with facial forms, textured hair, feathers,3D eyes,hairstyles, animals and proportions. I’ve done this by drawing outlines of figures with neat lines, shading, sketching shapes and forms,grids and by making multiple illustrations. In order to create these shapes I needed to sketch cylinders, spheres, curves,triangles and shadows of those shapes. The skills that would be presented will show the steps I’ve made to improve my art from beginner level to intermediate.The hardest part of creating these drawings would have to be shading. The reason I say this, is because you have to focus on shading light and dark areas, crosshatching and hatching which is the focus of a line drawings shadow.
I feel that this section of art expresses the character of cartoon drawings. Seeing art in 3D form changes a persons view on the piece. It becomes more appealing to the eye. What makes this art unique, is the step one takes and how someone is able to draw shadows and figures in many different ways to get the same outlook or vision.
I did this section because instead of deciding to do four day art I decided to go with two day art. This gives myself more practice with different skills and helps me perfect certain things, that I may have been struggling with. The emotions that I am trying to convey in my work is to be able to look at my piece and smile or maybe even see something, something like a cartoon. What makes my art unique is that I take the time to make sure my drawing look like a professional artist. This art creates a very happy and enlightening tone.
When drawing, I use a couple of tools. For these drawings I used a pencil, eraser, charcoal, and a pen. With my pen , I outlined my figure that I was going to draw. Then proceeded to use my charcoal and charcoal to shade and finish my drawings. By outlining my drawings in pen, it added a 3-D effect to my drawings. What makes my drawings unique is how dark they are. This adds more of a heavier tone.
While doing these drawings, what has motivated me to create my art, would have to be the techniques these drawings require. I see these as challenges and in the end I feel like I’ve accomplished something. When looking at my art I would like for people to understand that this is my first time drawing 3 dimensional drawings. I would like the viewer to put on artistic glasses and see everything as a piece of work that could possibly have a story about it or where it has came from. Maybe see my work as a beginner/intermediate level drawing and picture the tone in the drawing and maybe how dark the drawings are. Does it paint a picture of the characters emotions? Or does my work leave you feel like you don’t know what it is? When I look at my final work I see exactly what it is supposed to be seen. But depending on how neat or how dark the characters have been drawn, I think about maybe what the cartoon is thinking, or maybe what cartoon this character could be placed in. I enjoyed this section.
O section
In this section I am working on exaggerating facial features of certain characters.When exaggerating certain features, this dims the light on less attractive features. The goal from this section is to enhance my ability to provide diversity in shading methods and drawing techniques.As I went through each drawing, I was able to work on drawing different facial expressions. But these weren’t expressions we use everyday, such as happy, sad and mad. These were expressions like gentle, mischievous,quiet. When using these terms , you wouldn’t think this is what you people are saying to explain peoples expressions. This usually explains people personalities. But what this section does is highlight things that people do not usually see when looking at someone.
In my art I had to focus on trying to texture my drawings.The skills and techniques used to do these drawings are graduated shading techniques, squirkling, which is drawing and shading rounded lines, hatching and crosshatching. What this did is help define three-dimensional forms and great texture to hair and face. Other skills used to create these characters includes usings a grid to help sketch accurate proportions and identifying and rendering values according to a dominant light source. The goal of this section is to draw the face of a person as a cartoon that could be transformed into a puppet, doll, or stuffed toy. When viewers look at these drawings, I would like for them to see the emotions of these characters and I would like for them to look at how these different techniques were used and where in the drawing they were used.
P and Q section
From all of the assignments that we have had during this art course, to me I thought that this particular assignment was more on an intermediate level. I was working on making places and things. The one thing that I have learned about doing this assignment was using skills like visual interpretation, a creative imagination and great hand coordination for drawing. From my past experiences with the different assignments the teacher has provided me, it seemed as if the other assignments that we’ve previously had was much more difficult than the assignments that I have had in the past. Assignments such as simply drawing a room. The challenges that I faced during this course would have to be illustrating while retaining patience.Although it was very difficult in the beginning I had to identify the exact things I needed to work on and try to practice the skills on my own. With full practice and dedication I would have to say that as of right now I have mastered what it takes to illustrate. If it had not been for the dedication and support I would not have become the student I am today in the class. Therefore it is with great pleasure to have had the opportunity to participate as a student in this class. In the near future I plan to excersise my artistic abilities further and I hope to teach others what I can do as an artist.
R Section
In this section I will be focusing on color basics. The tools I will be using in this section is colored pencils and oil paints, paint brushes and paint.I will be practicing making colors from their primary color. There are warm and cool colors, I am using the color wheel to explore these colors and see where they fit on this wheel.This section will enhance my painting experiences What makes this artwork unique from others is the certain way the strokes of paint are formed. Another thing that will make this unique is the colors in the painting.I like to add lots of color to my paintings, I do this to portray more life in my work. I would like for people to understand that while looking at this art I want them to see a solid foundation of various aspects. Remember to view this art through the lens of color and understand the intricacies of color.When doing this art, I was able to discover many different basic information about paint brushes that I did not know before.Such as how hard you should stroke the brush to add different texture and which way you should stroke the brush to form a perfect color or form.
S Section
In this project I am using color pencils to draw objects. I’ve chosen to use color pencils because they help to create such subtle illustrations and they bring 0ut the bold colors making it more appealing to the audience. The basic skills that this assignment covers are, shading, overlapping colors and burnishing. These are the three basic skills one must incorporate in color theory.With only four colored pencils and a fine-tip marker, I used these materials to demonstrate skills of dry-mixing colors.I dry-mixed these colors to portray a soft delicate drawings such as portraits, flowers and zany cartoons. What makes this art unique is the beautiful delicate patterns. It’s almost like layering the paper. the surface or the first layer is the outline or color and the second is shaded with color pencils to enhance the color and texture. When looking at my art I hope the viewers see the levels of shading and how the pattern defines the cartoons and how I applied my basic skills and technique.
T Section and U Section
This is more of an advanced level of art. In this section I was working on expanding my drawing and measurable skills.Because we were so far along in our art, it seems as if this work was made for students that already have good technical skills.I wanted these drawings to look very realistic, and photorealistic. It was not very easy drawing insects, birds, and mammals. It was a very fine technique I had to apply to this. But by rending the illusion of fur, eyes and other features, it became easy. The challenges I had in this section would have to be making everything on animals look realistic and animals forms exactly proportioned, while still being able to make various shapes and characteristics. By outlining shapes, it defines the shapes a bit more. Then by adding a shadow to so, can make a structure of a face or neck look stronger or stand out more.I really enjoyed this section, simply because I love animals and I have a certain passion for them.
The way I completed these drawings are by doing three simple steps. First outline the proportions and shapes, and finally use hatching to define the three dimensional forms and textures. I used many patterns and focused on capturing shadows, I’ve done this so the viewers will be able to identify the animal. This is a very heavily illustrated section. In this section I would like for the viewers to see how the animals faces look like animations. I would like for them to look at the patterns and be able to identify the animals.I would also like for the viewer to look at how I faded out a drawing by graduating the shading to white around the lower sections of my work.I most importantly would like for my peers to be able to look at my drawing for reference possibly and follow my drawing, and maybe will be able to break down the process, set up a grid and use their own photo for theirs to look just the same as mine.
https://magic.piktochart.com/output/1711906-is-there-still-hope-in-mumbai
What am I doing?
In this drawing I am identifying the positive and negative spaces.
How am I doing it?
To do this drawing I started off by identifying the edges, or in other words outlining the figure.Once I identified its edges I can see where the object needs to be spaced. The negative space is the background behind an object and the positive space is the object inside or on top of the negative space. The challenges I had doing this drawing was to draw a lifelike object only outlining the negative space. This was not very difficult because I did not need to layer the positive and negative energy.
Why am I doing it?
We were assigned this lesson so that we are able to learn how to overlap our art and create the illusion of depth by drawing a subject which will appear to be in front of something.This has taught me how to draw an outward outline.
What do I want other people to understand about my art?
What I would like other people to understand about my art work is that it was one of my first drawings when the focus was negative and positive space. I feel that I have learned many different things about this drawing. If you are able to imagine this image in your head of an object you can identify the negative and positive. The focus point in this object was the outline of the object and the space inside of that object. The goal was to make the positive space seem as if it pops out against the negative space. I feel I have accomplished my goal.
What am I doing?
In this section I am working to create objects in art by visually separating lines and defining the forms shapes and patterns of various components of different drawings.However by completing these projects of art I was improving my skills when it comes to seeing and drawing lines. But not just any types of lines , very particular lines. Whether the lines were thick and dark, to light and faint and even smudged,giving the lines a fuzzy textural look creating the illusion of things having fur on it. This subject has taught me different ways of drawing cartoon characters, different fishes , and things that seem difficult but are very easy. I am mainly using my visual skills more than anything.
How am I doing it?
These drawings required step-by-step illustrations. This helped guide me through the process of combining different lines to create something very imaginable. For instance an animal or a cartoon.In order to complete these in just a few steps I would have to remind myself to constantly observe my lines and the symmetry.This was an observation skill so I am able to focus on my artwork being even.
When it came to drawing a self portrait, I found it very difficult to recreate my face so I took a picture of my profile which is an easy way of starting and I have altered a few things on my face because it is not always simple to draw your self especially if it was your first time doing a self portrait (like me).
Many different drawing skills were utilized to complete this work. Skills such as accurate proportions, combining lines to make shapes and adding different details to make different looking lines.
Why am I doing it?
I am doing this lesson to challenge myself to rely on other things other than being able to sketch straight or curved lines.I am doing this lesson to be able to rely on my visual skills and not just being told what I need to be drawn and doing it.By doing this I am learning to see and view things though a different perspective, I believe these are one of the reasons we are assigned this work.
What do I want other people to understand about my art?
I would like for other people to look at this art and understand that not all of your art work will look the same. This is because , just because your work happens to fall under the same category and you are a certain skilled artist, everything may not seem like the same difficulty than others. Even the smallest things seem to become more difficult than larger ones. i try my best to make the best sketches possible. To complete these drawings I had to learn to view things and a very foundational structure and see as an artist. This may be hard to do but when you view my work I would like for the viewer to notice the different levels of my drawings and take time to really view my work as different.Line drawings can look very different depending on who is viewing the work.
D Skuirkling
What am I doing?
In these objects I am creating objects with actual lines and working to define the forms of the lines.In this lesson it focuses on the artist creating values of objects rather than the lines and shapes of the figures. I have completed this lessons by drawing curved lines
How am I doing it?
This took many different steps to finish this work. Some took as many steps from 1 to 20.This lesson was called squirkles but the way that I looked at it was squiggly lines.By drawing many different squiggly lines all different ways it gives the drawing different textures. So what I did was draw the lines very close together to create a shading look , without outlines the figure. When doing this work it may be simple, however, I always took my time and worked my way very slowly through each exercise.
Why am I doing it?
I am doing this to express myself and to prove to myself and others that it does not matter if you are not one of the best artist , different skills require different amounts of work and by putting my time in it differently I feel I am slowly but surely becoming a better artist.
What influences me most?
What influences me the most is my inspiration of my own art. I feel like my work has gotten better by doing this. I have developed many different skills from doing these drawing. I even leaned new ways to hold my pencils and charcoal. When I begin to learn new ways to perfect my art work it gives me a drive to do more.
E Perspective 1
What am I doing?
In the different exercise’s I was creating a foundation by using the simple skills of perspective.I am working to overlap my drawings, creating depth in each drawings . This gave my drawing a very geometric perspective.I have created art work with distance , space I was able to create these different perspectives with the knowledge and use of atmospheric perspective. There are many lights and darks in this subject.
How am I doing it?
By properly using my pencil and charcoal it was very simple to create a drawing of perspective. When I put this skill to use I was able to make my drawing very realistic.While drawing I always remembered these steps and everything else just falls in place.
What do I want other people to understand about my art?
My confidence for each art work shined through my drawing.It was not easy completed all of this artwork for this subject, so bare with me.
F Hatching
What am I doing?
In this topic I am showing examples of shading. In this unit the goal was to create illusions of depth and different range of colors while only using various pencils or pieces of charcoal. I am trying to utilize a different perspective other than overlapping, I am also trying to utilize an aerial perspective. This is when the artist (me) am working to create a different appearance on an object viewed from different distances and creating an atmosphere for the photo as well.
How am I doing it?
In order to do this I had to create sets of lines. The lines were either far apart or close together. This created an illusion of values , levels and textures. When drawing these images, I would always think about layers. I like to layer my art work because it gives them an illusion of having a soft or sleek texture.The only materials I needed to complete this unit was a few pencils , a piece of charcoal and at times an eraser.As time went on and I have completed more drawings, I have began to realize that there were different techniques that I was developing. I had to be aware when proportioning my drawings, this was very difficult.To make sure my drawing is correctly proportioned, I usually start off by sketching proportions, then I follow the process of elimination.Followed by adding lines to the sections that are in the shadows and finish by touching each section with a light. Then I outline the section again with charcoal to give it a more tense tone.
Why am I doing it?
When I am doing these drawings I am trying to accomplish something. I am trying to make it so the eyes can see nothing but a realistic drawing. I set a goal for myself that by the end of this unit or lesson I will be able to draw lines that are obviously noticeable and lines that are very faint and so close together that it created an image of something that was a different tone than others.
The reason for doing these drawling are to prove that it is very simple to create a full range of values with only a pencil and a piece of charcoal. By adding more or less pressure using pencils,and/or different pencils, I created transitions throughout my artwork.
What influences me most?
By looking at other artwork, this influences me to be better. After viewing the way many different artist layer there work and counter their drawings it gives me an ambition to add a little more technique to my drawing.
What do I want other people to understand about my art?
I want other people to understand that sketching is a technique that is not easy to master and I am still working to perfect my skills. This is something you can only master by practicing. Working on each individual artwork took an excessive amount of time and I had to re-draw my drawings a few times in order for it to look as close to perfect as possible.Just as everyone, I have to work on taking my pictures for my blog. The lighting is a little better than my previous work, but I still have work to do. By scrolling through my artwork I would like for the viewer to realize that as I did more and more lessons that my art has step by step gotten better. These projects were created from guidance and some of my own imagination. By adding some of my own flavor I got what I thought was best outcomes. These pictures are reasonable representations of many different forms of art.
Overall Reflection of my work
I feel I have done a pretty good job. I do believe that I could have done a bit better. This art work proves that I am capable of almost drawing anything I put my mind to. I was confident on more things than others which surely showed through my work. I was confident about a few different assignments. Personally I have surprised myself for how well i have done. However, my editing on the projects could have been way better. The lighting was and it did make my art look differently throughout the work and this bothers me. I do plan to do better next quarter. But I feel at least I deserve a B.
Tyler:
Source one-DePALMA, Anthony . "Love Canal Declared Clean, Ending Toxic Horror." New York Times. (2004): n. page. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/18/nyregion/love-canal-declared-clean-ending-toxic-horror.html>.
Annotations:
I chose this website because this website supplied great information about the love Canal and its environmental impact. From this website they’ve described the event by saying that it was such a large event during that time. According the research, I found that two decades after the Love canal became the first polluted site on the newly created Superfund list, federal officials announced yesterday that the neighborhood that epitomized environmental horror in the late 1970’s was clean enough to be taken off the list. This event was known to be the ending toxic horror as many people described it. This specific article was very useful to our research because in our paper we decided that it was most important to list as much information as we could about the downfalls of the Love Canal and it’s negative impact on this nation. That’s why I specifically chose this website to be my source in research.
Source two- Danis, Karen. "kenyon.edu ." The History of Superfund: Love Canal. N.p., 12 01 2001. Web. 22 Mar 2013. <http://biology.kenyon.edu/slonc/bio3/2001projects/Superfundkdanis/historylovecanal.html>.
Annotations:
I chose this website because this website also touched upon the actual history of the Love canal and what went on. This website was relevant to my research because I thought that it was very important to give enough information about the Canal’s history. Towards the end of this website it talked about the development of the Superfund Bill. The most important thing that I’ve gained from this part of my research was
Source three-BROOK, MARISA . "Damn Interesting ." THE TRAGEDY OF THE LOVE CANAL. The damn Interesting E-Book. Web. 22 Mar 2013. <http://www.damninteresting.com/the-tragedy-of-the-love-canal/>.
Annotations:
I chose this website because I thought that the information that was given on the website would be relevant to my paper. This website talked mainly about the tragedies that went on with the Love Canal. This website gave a lot of information about the history of what had happened during this time. The website also talked about the Love Canal neighborhood evacuation and also talked about William T. Love and his most perfect city in existence.
Antonio:
Source #1: http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1986457_1986501_1986441,00.html
Cruz, Gilbert. "Love Canal - Top 10 Environmental Disasters - TIME."Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews - TIME.com. N.p., 3 May 2010. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1986457_1986501_1986441,00.html>.
This source is useful because it tells us about “Love Canal”. The advantages to this site is it tells us what was “Love Canal”, what affects it had on the people in the environment around them and what the government did to solve this environmental hazard. The disadvantage to this is it explains it all in one paragraph. In other words, it generalizes the Love Canal. There is still enough information in this site that will answer the basic question... What is Love Canal?
Source #2:
"America's worst man-made environmental disasters: Love Canal | MNN - Mother Nature Network."Environmental News and Information | MNN - Mother Nature Network. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/photos/americas-10-worst-man-made-environmental-disasters/love-ca>.
This source is helpful because it gives more detailed information about Love Canal. It explains it in more than one paragraph, gives description what happened in the environment around while the toxic waste laid below the neighborhood, and what happened to the people exposed to the chemicals from the waste.
Source #3:
http://www.earthshare.org/2013/01/lovecanal.html
"What We Can Learn From Love Canal."EarthShare: One Environment. One Simple Way to Care for It.. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2013. <http://www.earthshare.org/2013/01/lovecanal.html>.
This source is helpful because it gives a unique perspective of Love Canal. It goes to the perspective of an individual who experienced all of the toxic waste oozing through her home and her neighbors.
Sara:
#1--Beck , Eckardt. "Love Canal Tragedy ." EPA . N.p., 15 February 2013. Web. 5 Apr 2013. <http://www.epa.gov/history/topics/lovecanal/01.html>.
This source is very helpful in talking about the high expectations of Love Canal, and how it drastically changed the environment forever. They do a really good job on talking about the series of events that happened to lead up to the final effects it had on both the environment, and people living near it.
There were miscarriages in women, birth defects in children, and people at a higher risk for leukemia. This site shows the cold hard facts which I think is great, and I will be using it frequently to refer back to in our infographic.
The information seems very reliable knowing that it is a .gov site, it’s documented from the EPA (US. Environmental Protection Agency). There are also no ads, which is always a good sign that the site is reliable.
#2-- Hertz, Joshua. "The Love Canal Disaster: An Error in Engineering or Public Policy?." OEC. National Academy of Sciences.. Web. 5 Apr 2013. <http://www.onlineethics.org/cms/6534.asp&xgt;.
When taking a first look at this site without reading anything yet is really helpful find exactly what you want to research about, because the entire site is sectioned off with headers telling you about each paragraph. This is really easy if you are looking to research a particular aspect of the disaster.
There are about 2-4 paragraph within each section, which is nice because it’s not a book, but you are educated with a lot of information. The topics that are covered are the cost of the disaster, the historical background, process and what chemicals, and the governmental aspects.
I think this is a useful source because it’s organized and has a lot of great information. I also trust it a bit more because it’s a .org site.
#3-- Whalen, Robert. "Love Canal - Public Health Time Bomb."New York Department of Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Apr 2013. <http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/investigations/love_canal/lctimbmb.htm>.
I really like the brief summary of the love canal, I thought it was relevant and they didn’t drag it on. I also thought that the table at the bottom was helpful, because I haven’t seen anything with air samples. That was a really good experiment and idea to inform people about. I think that the site is very reliable and has great facts that we used in our infographic.
Additional Sources:
1. . N.p.. Web. 5 Apr 2013. <https://sites.google.com/site/lovecanalny/>.
2. Lester, Stephen . "Making a Bad Decision Worse – Reselling Homes at Love Canal." CHEJ. N.p.. Web. 5 Apr 2013. <http://chej.org/tag/love-canal/>.
3. "30 years after Love Canal – schoolchildren are still at risk."Eideard. N.p., 22 Aug 2008. Web. 5 Apr 2013. <http://eideard.com/2008/08/22/30-years-after-love-canal-schoolchildren-are-still-at-risk/>.
Annotations of the Pictures
Source #1
http://www.doryadams.com/2010/04/abandoned-things-love-canal-new-york.html
Adams, Dory . "In This Light: Abandoned Things: Love Canal, New York." In This Light. N.p., 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 5 Apr. 2013. <http://www.doryadams.com/2010/04/abandoned-things-love-canal-new-york.html>.
Source #2
http://www.bu.edu/lovecanal/Fullimages/3%20-%20LC%20map%20pink%20ublib.jpg
Source #3
http://adamsmary.wordpress.com/2011/02/05/good-news-2/love-canal/
Source #4
http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/thisdayintech/2011/11/love_canal_450px.jpg
Source #5
<http://montanusphotography.com/rides/lovecanal/index2.htm>.
Montanus, James . "Love Canal - an Environmental Disaster of Epic Proportions - and a great motorcycle ride!." Montanus Photography, LLC. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2013. <http://montanusphotography.com/rides/lovecanal/index2.htm>.
Source #6
http://disasteropedia.wikispaces.com/The+Disaster+of+Love+Canal
Source# 7
http://cvenviro.wikispaces.com/Period+8+-+Love+Canal
Childhood Obesity
Children in America are becoming fat. “Childhood obesity is best tackled at home through improved parental involvement, increased physical exercise, better diet and restraint from eating.” 33 percent of children and teens are currently obese. Obesity is among the easiest medical conditions to recognize but most difficult to treat. Parents feed their children technically twice a day. They feed them breakfast and dinner, but even though they are not there during the school day, (they can control what their child is eating in between the time.) What they can't control are the snacks they eat while they're not in their parents supervision. Unhealthy weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year.The reason most children in America are becoming obese is either because they are following in their parents footsteps or they have no control of the food they are eating.Excess weight and obesity in childhood and adolescence has become a serious public health concern in the United States. Most of a child’s diet is controlled by the parents, parents should be held responsible for childhood obesity.
Weight loss is not a good approach for most young children, since their bodies are growing and developing. A restrictive diet may not supply the energy and nutrients needed for a normal growth and development. Parents and caregivers can help prevent childhood obesity by providing healthy meals and snacks, daily physical activity, and nutrition education. Increased physical activity reduces health risks and helps weight management.This is an easy way of maintaining your childs diet because between the ages of 6-13 because around those ages whatever your parent does more than likely,your child will also.Parents play a role model in their childs life.By excersising and making it fun, cutting down snacks and junk food this will play a good role and great beginning in there childs life. There is a lack of ready access to healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Families in poorer communities often live in “food deserts” where supermarkets and grocery stores are scarce or charge higher prices for healthy foods than processed foods. Families with less income must often rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices. To make matters worse, many underserved communities, particularly in urban areas, have an overabundance of fast food establishments that are often located near schools and playgrounds.Parents also need to monitor amount of calories their child consumes.By the age of 13 an average child should be consuming 1,600 calories a day, and a more active child should consume about 2,000. However, children began consuming more calories in 2007-2008, they began consuming 16 to 20% more calories a day. Surprisingly for an average child to become obese they need to consume 64 calories more than a normal child per day. By applying proper nutrition, better eating habits and physical activity, any child can live a healthy life.
Childhood Obesity
Children in America are becoming fat. “Childhood obesity is best tackled at home through improved parental involvement, increased physical exercise, better diet and restraint from eating.” 33 percent of children and teens are currently obese. Obesity is among the easiest medical conditions to recognize but most difficult to treat. Parents feed their children technically twice a day. They feed them breakfast and dinner, but even though they are not there during the school day, (they can control what their child is eating in between the time.) What they can't control are the snacks they eat while they're not in their parents supervision. Unhealthy weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year.The reason most children in America are becoming obese is either because they are following in their parents footsteps or they have no control of the food they are eating.Excess weight and obesity in childhood and adolescence has become a serious public health concern in the United States. Most of a child’s diet is controlled by the parents, parents should be held responsible for childhood obesity.
Weight loss is not a good approach for most young children, since their bodies are growing and developing. A restrictive diet may not supply the energy and nutrients needed for a normal growth and development. Parents and caregivers can help prevent childhood obesity by providing healthy meals and snacks, daily physical activity, and nutrition education. Increased physical activity reduces health risks and helps weight management.This is an easy way of maintaining your childs diet because between the ages of 6-13 because around those ages whatever your parent does more than likely,your child will also.Parents play a role model in their childs life.By excersising and making it fun, cutting down snacks and junk food this will play a good role and great beginning in there childs life. There is a lack of ready access to healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Families in poorer communities often live in “food deserts” where supermarkets and grocery stores are scarce or charge higher prices for healthy foods than processed foods. Families with less income must often rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices. To make matters worse, many underserved communities, particularly in urban areas, have an overabundance of fast food establishments that are often located near schools and playgrounds.Parents also need to monitor amount of calories their child consumes.By the age of 13 an average child should be consuming 1,600 calories a day, and a more active child should consume about 2,000. However, children began consuming more calories in 2007-2008, they began consuming 16 to 20% more calories a day. Surprisingly for an average child to become obese they need to consume 64 calories more than a normal child per day. By applying proper nutrition, better eating habits and physical activity, any child can live a healthy life.
http://voices.yahoo.com/push-pull-factors-led-mexican-immigration-1949278.html?cat=17
http://www.number09.com/oak_grove/SS_ECON_push-pull.htm
http://crfimmigrationed.org/index.php/lessons-for-teachers/72-history-lesson-2
http://canadachannel.ca/HCO/index.php/5._The_Immigration_Boom_1895-1914
http://voices.yahoo.com/push-pull-factors-led-mexican-immigration-1949278.html?cat=17
http://www.number09.com/oak_grove/SS_ECON_push-pull.htm
http://crfimmigrationed.org/index.php/lessons-for-teachers/72-history-lesson-2
http://canadachannel.ca/HCO/index.php/5._The_Immigration_Boom_1895-1914
For this first part of the project we were assigned Two self
portraits. Small and Large. Both of them included shading, shadow and great sketching.
All of these skills that we have learned so far in advanced art. It did not
take me a very long time to do my drawing even though I tried my best.I noticed
that the smaller portrait looked like me a bit more than the large it was
harder to line the lips and other small features that aren’t big but very easy
to catch the human eye if crooked. Below are my two drawing both small and large
and remember this is my best.
From this project I learned that people cross boundaries in many different ways. They cross racial boundaries, relation, language, appearance,stereo types and many other ones also.While doing this project I discovered that someone in my family was dark enough to pass for indian and I was actually surprised. Crossing boundaries doesn't necessarily mean running across a boundary. It can mean different things.It could mean doing something other than your family or being with people that don't speak the same boundary as you, or even becoming a different religion than what you grew up as.There are sometimes benefits and some times costs for becoming this. For example my grab uncle changed his race to a full indian because he passed as one.He benefited from this because he became apart of a good family and learned a lot about a new culture. But he also lost the rights to see his old and when he did he couldn't be related to them in any type of way because we are russian, and other ethnicities and he was not that anymore.While I was doing interviews I learned that when you asked people question they usually talk a lot. An interview is very hard to edit because you can't pause it.
During my interview there was a lot of unexpected errors. There was many pauses and my grandmother ended up talking very LOUD. I couldn't make this lower because the rest of it would have been. I had to do a lot of cutting so the interview could flow through with out anyone being able to tell she coughed a lot. Although I did this I got pretty good comments. Other than what I know that she was talking loud they told me my music towards the end was a bit loud also and it was covering the ending of the interview. I did that purposely because it was another person but they almost repeated what someone said before. I agree with them but overall I think my final project was pretty good.
-Reflection (In English):
Tyler Creighton
English Essay Pahomov
Do I sound like that ?
“Yo look at her hair its a hot ass mess”
“She’s just a whole f**king HAM”
“Do I look like that ?”
“ Of corse not”
“Oh ard betta not”
Behind the locker I automatically assume it’s the same group of people who always talking about people but this time I was wrong. To my surprise it was my group of friends I’m usually around. This kind of shocked me because I began to judge them by what they say and how they thought. I began to wonder to myself “Do I talk like that? Do other people hear me? What do they think?” But instead I quietly continue with what I was doing before hand.
“Ctfu I would never look like that”
“Total weirdo”
The chatter fades as the crowd of obnoxious girl teens walk away, I gather my things and leave.
As I was sitting on the bus on my way home later that day, I thought about the girls. I thought about how being out with these people reflects on me and what people think of me. The ignorance ,rudeness and obnoxiousness does it reflect upon me or am I apart of this?
I could never see myself being as ignorant enough to say such things but then again I actually do. It’s become such a norm that I never even noticed what is being said or what other people hear. In school I hear my friends call people all types of names “weirdo” , or “ham” meaning hot ass mess. I cant allow myself to be so open about my opinion or in other so harsh and be judged by people the way I'm judging them. I watch what i say around people so it wont be labeled as “Ghetto” or “Ignorant”. Although there are some parts I’m good at hiding this there are other things that are much harder. It’s a stereotype that young kids are very loud and this is what I have difficulty hiding. Most of the time it’s not even noticeable but when i do notice it and sit and listen i become a bit embarrassed and as wild as this sounds a bit disappointed.In my mind at the time staying quiet ,sitting was the only thing that was really right at that moment.
Finally in their conversation as I listened I really began to think about these two words they say that i absolutely hate and just cant say so freely with out biting my tongue after or while I’m saying it. These are words i cant describe. They are just two words of ignorance. I feel its just so inappropriate and uncalled for. When said I feel the uerg to say something . But i don't because Im to afraid they are going to judge me on the way i speak and how its to proper “too white”. As said in ... “The curse of a moderately soulful kid trapped in a white body” Is the way I feel when I discuss these issues. It’s sort of similar to African american’s using the name nigger to categorize there color and white usually use the word dude to categorizes there , Its just what people have done over the years its “their word” .Their word meaning only their race color age or anything like them can say it and if you not in the category your wrong for doi When I say the words the literally burn my tongue as the harsh words spits them out onto someone like burning venom. It kind of hurts me to hear these words because its a sign of disrespect and no home training.
Im not ashamed of my friends or no one else, but I also wouldn’t converse around a lot of people. Desperately I wanna be myself at times and not have to cover the way I speak and just be my self but being around people that make it that way, I cant.In the story (__) _____ Says “The brutal truth is that the bulk of white/black people in America never had a interest in educating black folks”. and my friends make it seem like we don’t have education. This quote gives me strength to be different from others and continue to sound educated. But the same way they sound different and at times uneducated to me I might sound different to many people also. My good sense tells me who i am and no matter whats around me and what I hear or how I talk I am still educated. This quote inspires to show my education by my vocabulary and expanding to to the biggest variety as I can. Its not my job to change the minds and the way many people speak. But what I can do is help my peers expand their vocabulary and listen and change how sound and alert others when they do also. One day I strive to accept the way i speak and how everyone comes from different back rounds and I have to accept that to move on.
"Unit 3 is over and no more benchmarks”
I
should be happy right? Well I’m not.
I
am not usually happy when I'm in this class or sleep, one or the other.
"Do we have to do this, is there any other
options"?
"No none miss Parker no other options just
your monologues"
I wonder why do we have do this, how will the
benefit me if I know how to write a paper about people's conversations.
"You guys have until Wednesday to have
almost a completed draft in class"
I’m pretty upset at this point, I don't
understand the project and on top of that I don't want to do it, I'm such a
busy person I have dance, friends, family, I have a life.
This project was assigned Friday and is due
Wednesday, should be enough time right.
Well seems to me like this was over night, I
can with all the other homework's also I feel like I have no time to do this.
Friday night, the night the assignment was
given instead on planning what I should do I stayed on the computer on a chat
until 3 in the morning.
"Maybe I can get an extension I will tell
her something is wrong"
Saturday 10:30AM "Hi Ms. Powalter this is Sophia
Parker and I was wondering could I have a mini extension I don't understand
this project, I have no idea about it and I don't have ugh time to do it this
weekend".
12:00PM "Hi Miss Parker sorry but no one
will have an extension on this project think very hard an idea should come to
you then make it your own, this doesn't have to be the best ever, that's why
it's called a draft.
"Well that didn't work maybe I will work
on it after I come home from dance class since I don't have anything else to
do.
The same day some one asked me to with them to
the movies a little later on that day so I decided to work on this all Sunday
since no one does anything Sunday too.
I ended up trying another excuse.
12:30 PM Sunday "Hi Ms. Powalter me again,
how is your weekend going, about our monologues, may I have a bit extra time or
at least the day in school to work on this, something like a work period.
2:30PM Sunday " Hi miss Parker as it was
said to you earlier there is no excuses for missing work, you can try and turn
in something, because something is always better than nothing.
(Long blank stare)
"Well since I am being forced to write
this maybe I should begin to write it so I can just get it over with. Those
were the exact words that left my mouth before the idea of working stepped out
behind them.
Ok seems like excuses aren’t working so maybe a
complaint will.
Monday 6:30 PM “Hey Ms. Powalter I don’t mean
to bother you but, I feel like you don’t care about my situations and the
reasons why I cant do this paper or at least why I cant have it in on time, I
feel like this project is being forced on the students and very rushed due to
the fact that we our missing two days of school next week. Also I believe that
I have a small amount of carp-tunnel in the hand that I right with and I feel
like you don’t care about my inner and my outer feeling’s”.
8:30PM “Hi Sophia I am sorry about your wrist
maybe you should go to the doctors about that but this assignment is not
written it is typed and you don’t have carp-tunnel if you are able to type this
many excuses and a complaint’s about this project”.
Time begins to move faster, I have one night to
at least have a storyboard and some of this monologue typed, there’s no more
time for excuses so seems to me all there is left to do is type … After I get
home from dance.
I feel like nothing worked, no excuses, no
complaints, nothing worked. And I still don’t have an idea.
“Mom do you know something that I could write
about and make a monologue of?”
“Sorry Sophia the only type of monologue I can
help you with is the play”.
“How about you dad do you know anything?”
His response was “Umm remind me what’s a
monologue again?”
Maybe I can get some help with this project in
class tomorrow; class will be pretty helpful, reading aloud some of the winning
monologues and gathering thoughts should help also…
Those were my last thought’s about this mini
assignment until the night before it is due and I’m up until next morning
typing nothing.
I can predict how Thursday is going to go.
“Hi class lets take your seats and take out you
completed and printed monologue.”
“Morning Ms. Powalter, funny I found an idea to
type about after all this pain with this assignment”
“I guess I will right about how “fun” and “easy”
this journey was to completing this paper and how I feel about this
assignment”.
In my glass drawling we had to make the glass look like it was sitting on the paper, as it the glass was in the paper, basically 3-D. We used charcoal for this project as our drawing utensil. Using it made it easier for shading and fading. When i started my drawling I realized it was more to a drawing then a shadow and a outline. This drawing helped me to realize being a artist is not easy it takes a lot of work and patience . This made me stronger in some sections. I started off by shading a the shape of my glass. Then i lightened the area where the light hit the glass. After that I darkened the outline of my object so I could shade it in. In the video we watched the artist next step was erasing and shading where the light sits in the object. Once i did that for the first hour I took the next two hours making this drawing look more 3-D. This drawing consisted of me shading the object, darkening the out line ,showing how the light hits each side of the glass and adds a shadow , these are all the qualities and high lights of my drawing to make this object look like real glass.
Still life drawling
For this assignment we had to draw a human model for four hours. Before beginning this drawling I had to visualize the size of the model and the size of the paper, and figure out how i would portion the drawling. I visualized my model dejah and put her on my paper.Most of my focus was on her upper part of her body and shading where the light hit her. My weakness of this project was being able to draw her legs, but overall i felt I did a weak good job.
Life learned lesson about the world
Don’t regret it
“Tyler you have an early dismissal”
I wonder why I’m leaving early with out no reason?
Where am I going, what’s going on, is this bad or good?
All I see is rooms, no color, just white.
White walls, white tiles, white lights, and grey people.
Everything looks sick, I walk with my head hanging so low my chin feels like it’s burning from scraping the floor. Sounds all around talking, wheezing, sneezing coughing, laughing, crying, screaming, ambulances, and me. Smells wavier around my nose as I cough because of this deadly awful smell’s. I looked up at my father with swollen tears in my eyes, waiting to burst. “You know why were here right”.” No” I said waiting for some bad news.” Fallow me to room 603”. We arrive at the room and all I see is one room at the end of this everlasting hall. The door was slightly cracked. When I opened the door, all I could see was a sheet that had no color all white and three grey people. I pulled back the sheet and I saw was.
Those swollen tears slowly burst and began running down my cheeks releasing a roar of mixed emotions. All I could see was my mother lying there. My heart shriveled in a tiny little ball and demolished. Her face pale, her hair bland, and her body weak.
I always new something was wrong but didn’t bother to ask. Always-another bottle full of pills in the medicine cabinet.” Mom what this for” Oh nothing just ignore it”, is always how that went. 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and eventually 7.Sevens way to many to just ignore.
I want to know what’s going on, so I begin to research what are these what are they are for? Nothing. Eventually I gave up.
Morning drives to the doctor’s office. Long waits in the waiting rooms. Papers prescriptions and worry. I’m still lost, wondering what are all these things for, why was doing this. This life isn’t our normal life. No one seems happy. The floors in our home seem cold, the air feels hot, and nothing is comfortable, as if the house is trying to tell me something, as if the house just wants to wants to open its vents as a mouth and tell me there’s something going on. Why is everything so different? The cat won’t sleep in my parent’s bed. He’s awake all day by my mother’s side like a miniature guard dog waiting for something to go wrong.
A few weeks go by and everything is fine. Until June 19th everything was going wrong. From the morning to that visit. As soon as I walked out the house that morning I knew it wasn’t my day. It all started at 8:00am. My hair wasn’t working and my curls fell, 9:00am I was rushing trying to finish homework, 10:00’o clock, I found out that I got an F on a test, and just told my mother I was sorry for everything I said that very morning while I was acting like a brat. Things were running through my mind that I very much regretted. And I just didn’t know how to take these things back.
But by time I figured I needed to fix these things, it was too late. And there I am shoulders slump; chin hanging, with my lips so low they look like I had weights attached to them. But I know from being there and seeing that I learned something. This is something I call a life lesson.
Life is too short for regrets. So don’t do anything you might regret because something or someone could be there and then there not. After experiencing this I have looked at the world in a totally different way. I don’t have many attitudes anymore because I felt like crap after doing that to my mother and many other people. Life is like a speeding car it goes by so fast by time you look to see the license plate that car is gone. I will never forget this. This was a warning, but next time I’ll catch that speeding license plate before its too late.
The problem between teens and pregnancy is that they think its ok. I believe they think this way because society made it that way . Sat's have changed drastically over time and I think that there can be many things that can help. I went to a focus group not to long ago and our focus was on Teens and the rates of there pregnancy. In the U.S., 7 in 10 women who had sex before age 14, and 6 in 10 of those who had sex before age 15 report having had sex involuntaril.Nationally, one-quarter of 15 year old females and less than 30% of 15 year old males have had sex, compared with 66% of 18 year old females, and 68% of 18 year old males who have had sexual intercourse.These statistics are something that needs to be taken into consideration. I feel that you should wait but if you choose to have sex you have to make sure that your safe. Being pregnant can change your life. Your forced to grow up , you loose your.Plus, raising a baby can be very expensive. Paying for diapers, food, formula, clothes, and other child care necessities can be a strain on any paycheck. And, as a working mother, you're much less likely to find a job that offers steady wages and adequate benefits.None of these tasks are easy . So why take the risk?
There is also evidence that teenage mothers are less likely to marry than women who wait to have children. Although many pregnant teenage girls want to marry their partners, only 20% of teen moms will walk down the aisle with the father of their child. The rest of these girls often find it difficult to juggle dating and life as a single parent , plus school work , and friends. I don't know about you but this is enough information to make me think twice. So take these facts and information and think twice before you try teen pregnancy.
This project really stood out to me because it played my eyes as if i was looking at a 3-D image. It popped and looked like it was our room. It made me think about where is his vanishing point and how did he draw his orthaginals from it ? All these questions rose from this drawing . And it was completed , and all came from the vanishing point. Thats why I chose this picture.
1.Explanation to Teach:
Tyler and I are teaching people the Alphabet and teach them how to correctly pronounce them. This will help them to learn how to spell words in Spanish: A: ah, B: beh, C: seh, CH: cheh, D: deh, E: eh, F: efeh, G: heh, H: ah-cheh, I: eee, J: ho-ta, K: ka, L: eleh, LL: elleh, M: emeh, N: eneh, Ñ: enyeh, O: oh, P: peh, Q: cooooo, R: ereh, S: eseh, T: teh, U: ooo, V: veh, W: dobleh veh, X: eh-quis, Y: eee-gree-gah, Z: zetah. We will repeat them two more times so that you will have the hang of how to say it.
Explanation for "El Alfabeto"
In this video, you will hear how to pronounce the letters and how to spell them correctly. Later on in the video, Tyler and I will teach you how to spell our names. Afterwards, you can spell your name.
Script:
Tyler: Como se escribe tu nombre?
Raeven: Se escribre ereh, ah, eh, veh, eh, eneh (Raeven) Y tu?
Tyler: Se escribre teh, eee-gree-eh-gah, eleh, eh, ereh
2."Courtesy Phrases"
We are teaching people courtesy phrases so they can learn how to use polite manners. This will help you when someone gives you something or helps you out. We would start by teaching them simple phrases like i.e. If some one gives u something you would say Gracias (Gra-see-as)-thank you ,and they would say Denada (Dae-nad-a)-your welcome. Or If someone ask's you how are you, you would say Muy Bien (Muy-be-in) - Very Good Ytu? (E-Two) -and you. We will repeat them until the student or whoever understands the whole concept of courtesy phrases.
Script:
Raeven: !hola!
Tyler: !Hola!
Raeven: Como estas?
Tyler: !Muy Bien! Y tu?
Raeven: Igualmente
Tyler: OK
3.Numbers!
We are also teaching people how to say numbers and phone numbers. They are also useful in plenty different ways. We will start off by teaching them 1-10 i.e. uno,dos,tres,cuatro,cinco,sies,siete,ocho,nueve,diez! Then the pattern will change 1-15 i.e. once, doce, trece, catorce, quince. But after those 15 numbers the pattern changes again 16-20 i.e. diecisies, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinueve, diecinueve, viente. The pattern stays the same from 20-100. If you know all the ten's and mutiples of ten you will know the pattern. The pattern is Viente, Treinta, Cuarenta, Cicuenta, Sesenta, Setenta, Ochenta, Noventa, Cein. After every number u say the numbers 1-9 until you get to the next whole number. This can be used if someone ask's how old your are or if they was askin for your number.
Script
Tyler: !Hola!
Raeven: !Hola!
Tyler: Cual es tu número de teléfono ?
Raeven: Es el (dos uno cinco)/nueve ocho siete/ sies cuatro ocho tres
4.Weather Explanation!
We feel that everyone should know the weather. So why not teach them? We will start by teaching them how to spell the weather, and seasons. Then we will teach them how to say it. This wont be hard it will only take two lessons. Lesson 1 spelling the four seasons such as el otoño (autumn), el invierno (winter),
La primaver (spring) el verno( summer). We will also teach them how to spell the weather, such as frio (cold), calor ( warm), viento (windy) sol (sunny), fresco(cool). This can be useful when someone ask's you whats the weather like or how does it feel today you could answer them with a correct answer better than guess.
(Months and dates)
Explanation to teach:
Script
Raeven: ¿Que tiempo hace?
Tyler: Hace frio
Raeven: Gracias
Tyler: Denada
5. (Months and Dates)
If someone asks you when is your birthday wouldn’t you want to know? Well that’s why we are teaching them the months and the dates. This can help you in many different ways.
To say “January”, you say- enero
To say “February”, you say- febrero
To say “March”, you say- marzo
To say “April”, you say- abril
To say “May”, you say- mayo
To say “June”, you say- junio
To say “July”, you say- Julio
To say “August”- you say- augosto
To say “September”- you say septiembre
To say “October” – you say octubre
Script:
Raeven:¡Hola!
Tyler: ¡ Hola!
Raeven: ¿Cual es la fecha de hoy?
Tyler: Hoy es el tres de noviembre
Raeven: Gracias
Tyler: Denada
6.Explanation to Teach:
Tyler and I are going to teach the greetings and goodbyes.
1. Greetings:
To say "good morning", you say- Buenos Días
To say "good afternoon", you say- Buenas Tardes
To say "good noches", you say- Buenas Noches
*Afternoon and Night are the only two greetings that have "as" after Buenas. (feminina) *
2. Más Saludos
To say "How are you?", you say- ¿Qué tal? or ¿Cómo va? The other way you can ask "How are you?", you ask "¿Cómo estas? (tu) or ¿Cómo esta? (formal).
*You say estás when you are talking to a friend or a younger family member. You use está when you are talking to a teacher or the president*
To respond, you say:
Más o menos-alright
(Muy) mal. / Terríble.- Awful
¿Y tú?- And you?
¡Ay, ay, ay-Oh no!
¡Que bien!- Oh, good!
Explanation for Greetings:
In this video, Tyler and Raeven are going to have a conversation and say the polite and correct greetings.
Script:
Tyler: ¡Buenos Días Raeven!
Raeven: ¡Hola Tyler!
Tyler: ¿Cómo estás?
Raeven: Muy bien gracias. ¿Y tú?
Tyler: Más o menos
Raeven: ¡Ay, ay, ay!
Tyler: Sí
Raeven: *sigh*
Tyler: ¡Adios!
Raeven: ¡Hasta luego!
7. Explanation of Days of the Weeks:
Tyler and I (Raeven) are going to teach the Days of the Week:
1. Days of the Week
To say “Monday”, you say- lunes
To say “Tuesday”, you say- martes
To say “Wednesday” , you say- miércoles
To say “Thursday”, you say- jueves
To say “Friday”, - you say- viernes
To say “Saturday”, you say- sábado
To say “Sunday”, you say- domingo
*In Spanish speaking countries, their days of the week are lower case*
To ask what is today?, you ask - ¿Qué día es hoy?
Explanation for Days of the Week:
The this video, Tyler and Raeven is going to teach how to pronounce the Days of the Week and say them correctly.
Script:
Tyler & Raeven: lunes, martes, miérocles, jueves, viernes, sábado, y domingo. (x2)
Tyler: ¿Qué día es hoy?
Raeven: Miércoles.