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Annotated Bibliography

Baldwin, James. The Fire Next Time. Dial Press, 1963

The Fire Next Time is a poetic story that has a complex commentary on the issues that Black Americans faced in the Civil Rights Era. The two essays together serve as a commentary on race relations in the 1960s as a whole and the intersectional issues that race and religion often make for black people of faith. Baldwin’s language in both pieces of The Fire Next Time

De Beauvoir, Simone. “Untitled” Received by Nelson Algren, 1951,  pp. 1–1.

For the beginning quote of the section “Angry” I will use a quote from a letter Simone De Beauvoir sent her longtime beau Nelson Algren. She wrote to him and during it she says “I am awfully greedy; I want everything from life. I want to be a woman and to be a man, to have many friends and to have loneliness, to work much and write good books, to travel and enjoy myself, to be selfish and to be unselfish… You see, it is difficult to get all which I want. And then when I do not succeed I get mad with anger.” This quote speak a lot to me because I find that often the source of my anger stems from frustration. I chose to use this quote because of how it resonates to the feelings reflected in the section that follows it, “Anger”.

Gay, Roxane. Bad Feminist. Harper Perennial, 2014

In my journey to prepare for this project I read several different essay books. I chose to use Bad Feminist as one of my example readings. I used this book mainly as a way to understand and dissect how Roxane Gay relates to her readers, how her dialogue flows and how I can use my own words in my work in a similar way.

Huxley, Aldous. Unknown.

To begin the section entitled “Happy”. Aldous Huxley is credited with saying “Happiness is not achieved by the conscious pursuit of happiness; it is generally the by-product of other activities.” The majority of the things that have made me happy, were not something I planned. The essays I am writing in this section fit this quote very well and I think that this quote is a good way to set the atmosphere going into the section.

McPeck-Stringham, Marisa. “I Can't Get Out of My Sweat Pants: An Essay on Depression.” The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 30 Apr. 2015, www.huffingtonpost.com/marisa-mcpeckstringham/i-cant-get-out-of-my-sweat-pants-an-essay-on-depression_b_7175836.html.

As I partially mention in other sections, I am planning on writing about some very hard times in my life, some that people may not be able to handle. This essay talks about these things in a way that is emotional, but not so much so that it doesn’t work to convey the message. I used this to study the way she finds that balance in her writing, which I sometimes have trouble with.

Orwell, George. “A Hanging.” George Orwell - A Hanging - Essay, www.george-orwell.org/A_Hanging/0.html.

I used this essay as a reference point in my early research, before I started reading the essay books of other authors. In several different articles about essays, this one written by George Orwell came up several times in several different articles. After I read it I got the vibe that Orwell has a very dark, haunting way of describing things. It was interesting to read and overall, his essay made me understand exactly the way I was going to approach writing for “Angry” and “Sad” because I plan to talk about very emotionally taxing times of my life in those sections.

Sedaris, David. Naked. Little, Brown and Company, 1997.

I used several different sources to gather inspiration for the way I would write. Sedaris is known for adding a sarcastic and humorous tone in his writing, usually about awkward situations he has been in. He writes in a very cynical way but still people enjoy his books immensely. As a writer he has found the balance between being a skeptic and not being a complete downer in his essays. He’s essentially turned the things that were really hard for him into something funny for other people to equally enjoy. I can relate to some of the emotions he has and reading this book helped me understand how he manages to convey the messages he does, the way he does.

Staff, SLA. “CAPSTONE.” Google Sites, Science Leadership Academy,

https://sites.google.com/a/scienceleadership.org/capstone/home

The Capstone website mainly serves as a base for any work I do. The capstone project has a lot of rules and a strict structure. Whenever I do work on my capstone, I have to have a tab with this site open so I know that I’m actually answering what is being asked of me by

SLA.

Schulten, Katherine. “From 'Lives' to 'Modern Love': Writing Personal Essays With Help From The New York Times.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 20 Oct. 2016,

www.nytimes.com/2016/10/20/learning/lesson-plans/from-lives-to-modern-love-writing-personal-essays-with-help-from-the-new-york-times.html.

I used this article in my search for advice on what to avoid and use when writing my essays. It explains common tropes and mistakes that people run into when they write personal essays in a way that makes a lot of sense. This helps me distinguish my writing because I now know what to avoid and what to continue doing when writing essays like this.

Thoreau, Henry David, and Bill McKibben. “Chapter One / Economy .” Walden, Beacon Press, 2004, pp. 11–11.

I used a quote from Henry David Thoreau as a preface to the section entitled “Nervous”. The quote goes as follows: “In any weather, at any hour of the day or night, I have been anxious to improve the nick of time, and notch it on my stick too; to stand on the meeting of two eternities, the past and future, which is precisely the present moment; to toe that line.” This quote for me represents and personifies some of the feelings I have when I am nervous, which makes it fit well as a preface to this section.

All photos: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1gSMg02UK65Op0Ltlb2V6Gqb5nRO2zau33i0zmtntDo8/edit?usp=sharing

Bennett, Andy, and Richard A. Peterson. Music Scenes: Local, Translocal and Virtual. Vanderbilt University Press, 2004.

This book indicates several ways in which music is shared with communities. A large part of this book revolved around the subject of technology’s effect of music industry and platforms. I found that the discussion on contrast between individual music scenes helped me gather more information about how these communities develop.

Briggs, Mark, and Jennifer Preston. Journalism a Practical Guide to Digital Reporting and Publishing. Sage, 2016.

Reading Journalism a Practical Guide to Digital Reporting was a helpful way to understand the methods used within photojournalism. Previously I’ve never taken many candid shots, but for this project I knew there would be a lot of movement. Instead of trying to give the illusion that these shots weren’t posed, I decided to take photos while the bands were actively playing their music. The movement helps tells a story, one of the key factors of photojournalism.

Becker, Howard S. “Photography and Sociology: Studies in Visual Communication.” Contemporary Sociology, vol. 31, no. 2, Oct. 2002, p. 250.

This source is a journal from a scientific study on visual communication through photography. It gave helpful insight into studies about the development and structure of human society. Answering important questions about why visual communication like photography intertwines with sociology.

Hevner, K. “Expression in Music: a Discussion of Experimental Studies and Theories.” Psychological Review, vol. 42, no. 2, Feb. 1935, pp. 186–204.

I used this article to learn about how music has evolved to become a form of expression. It’s a thorough description of the results within experimental studies regarding expression through music. Several theories have emerged over the years from the data that has been collected. It was useful to see the affect writing music has on people’s mental state.

Schäfer, Thomas, et al. “The Psychological Functions of Music Listening.” Frontiers in Psychology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 9 Dec. 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3741536/.

This source is somewhat similar to the prior scientific journal. Instead referencing research about how listening to music affects a person. There’s evidence that listening to music is often used to achieve self-awareness, regulate emotions, and as an expression of social connection.

My capstone was an economics class where I taught students how to cook good tasting healthy food to prep their college life. For my capstone there were some tools that I would need like (hotplates, pans, spoons, and plates) to get them I decided to use the Braskem funding so that money would not be a problem that I would face with my capstone. At first I thought that getting people to attend the meetings would be a problem because I didn't know how much the other students would care for a cooking class, but once I actually started the class I noticed that a lot more people than I thought were coming because they were happy to be making good food that they could eat. Overall I enjoyed my capstone even though planning it wasn't easy, finding suitable recipes that fits the criteria, buying the ingredients, and all the work I had to do before was stressful. I liked the end result and being able to work with other people and eat afterwards was fun. If possible I want to transition my capstone from just a temporary economics club to an actual elective. This is because I feel like everyone should know how to cook, it's an important skill that will make college and just life in general easier. Hopefully the people that attended my capstone was able to get a grasp of what cooking is like, how fun and easy it can be, while also learning the importance of cooking your own food from scratch than buying ready-to-eat type foods such as top ramen.

Sophomore year during health class Ms. Martin said; “Stress is the biggest problem S.L.A students face.” Two years later when tasked with making a capstone these words would once again come into my mind, and lead to the creation of a Stress Clinic. The purpose of the clinic was to be a place students could come to meditate, relax, and essentially ease their minds. The main principle that fueled the clinic was positive education, the belief that schools should not only focus on the academic success of their students, but also their mental health and well being. The clinic itself taught me that working with people is not easy. Getting people to attend the clinic was difficult. This tied in with the fact that my fellow classmates where also holding their capstone events during the the same time period, added another hurdle for me. All these hardships led to a myriad of meetings where no students attended. The capstone process was one that has taught me numerous things ranging from what stress is on a psychological level to how to teach and hold a group of people’s attention. Even with all the difficulties and frustrations that occured I cannot lie I enjoyed my capstone. Having an opportunity to work on something that interests me was a big and enjoyable change from normal schooling.

Annotated Bibliography: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cCQFnNrJdE28mF-KTOukRSkyTXlwa9sJHdT7ibUtLjo/edit?usp=sharing

I started my Capstone in Junior year in Ms. Jonas’ class.  We had to make our own non-profit organization, and with the help of friends and Ms. Jonas, I decided to make it my Capstone.  My goal was to bring awareness and help the women and transmen who can’t afford feminine products. What inspired this was a video I watched last year about women on the street and how they struggle when it comes to there period.  Using different fundraisers and outreaches I was able to accomplish this goal and I am excited to go even further with this outside of Science Leadership Academy. Probably one of my favorite things we did was going to “Overington Home” for the first time.  This is a home for women who are living on the streets and who are recovering addicts. When I visited them for the first time we brought clothes and feminine products. Our hope in the visit was not just to give them something but to connect with them on a personal level.  Meeting the women was amazing and hearing how having their period and living on the streets was difficult, became the backbone of this project. If I had to say there was one outcome to my capstone, it would be my mindset and how much it has grown towards the women on the street.  I learned to really hear the women and others who are in the streets. Also I learned a lot more information about the women. I did many events throughout the year that have all grown my heart for the women and transmen on the streets. Another outcome of the project was that it brought awareness to the issue of homelessness and the need for feminine products and the conversations that came from the events were amazing.  I look forward to what this seed of a project will produce in the future.

Annotated Bibliography

1. Grigg, Viv. Companion to the Poor: Christ in the Urban Slums. Urban Leadership Foundation, 2013.

This book is about a man who went to Asia and established a church to the poor.  He tried to find ways that would treat the people’s spiritual needs separate from there poverty.  This is a true story about his time there and challenges his story is still continuing. He uses the bible as a reference on how to be with the poor.  He explains this through the text. Christianity is a big part of my life and why I live the way I do. This book is really helpful for me to hear the Christian perspective.  Also, this gives me insight on how to treat the homeless separately from there poverty-how to treat them like anyone else.

2.“Homeless People Poetry.” Purple Moon Group, LLC,

www.friendtothehomeless.org/homeless-poetry.html.

I wanted to go a different route with this link.  I wanted to see the artist point of view on homelessness.  This website is full of different art done by homeless people what I think is very beautiful and very powerful.  Showing how different art forms can really shape a situation and make you look at poverty differently. I read a few poems and was able to see the different feelings these women and men had.  The different words from these poems are really encouraging me to write my own piece for my project. On this website, they also have videos of the homeless men and women, singing videos, art pieces, and stories.  What a great way to bring awareness.

3.“How Do Homeless Women Cope With Their Periods? | NSFWomen.” YouTube, YouTube, 18 Oct. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABch4VYOJZ0&feature=youtu.be.

This is a video that really made me want to start this project.  I came across it last year when I was searching the internet. This video drawled my attention and gave me insight into something that I didn’t realize before.  I didn’t realize the struggle women have to get through on the streets during their periods. This video shows the struggles women have to go through day by day on the streets.  Showing the struggles of getting good hygiene, some women would use a cup to clean their lady parts. Also, they talk about examples of what they use instead of period products. Anywhere from paper towels to socks.

4. Okamoto, Nadya. “The Menstrual Movement | Nadya Okamoto | TEDxPortland.” YouTube, 21 May 2016, youtu.be/ncg2bw9s30M.

This is a TED talk by Nadya Okamoto.  She gives her background story of when she started her period and how her mom celebrated her by becoming women.  She talks about how growing up when she was poor how she struggled to get products. Growing up she kept a journal of all the different things women used for their periods including paper bags.  This really intrigued her and she was amused about the way people talked about there period. How women would whisper it like they were ashamed. So she decided to make an organization that would talk to students about your body and normalizes the word “period”.

5.“Period Poverty Can Imprison Women – and Humiliate Women Prisoners.” New Statesman, www.newstatesman.com/politics/feminism/2018/01/period-poverty-can-imprison-women-and-humiliate-women-prisoners.

This source is an article on tampon tax.  It talks about different parts of the world that have tampon taxing.  It talks about if the government is truly keeping women safe. This is a sign that there is a problem the way the government has a control over women.  It isn’t fair to the women that condoms are freely given out but there is no way for women to get their basic needs. This article talks a lot about Scotland and the way they treat women.  This article is important because it shows that women having these problems in everywhere. It is a worldly issue that needs to be confronted.

6. Period, The Homeless. “The Homeless Period.” The Homeless Period, thehomelessperiod.com/.

This is a website that talks about an organization called “The Homeless Period”.  What this organization is about is one day having free products in homeless shelters.  They bring an up point that I use a lot in my reach for awareness around the topic. The point is that the shelters give out free condoms and are actually given the money to buy these every year.  But there is no money put forth into getting free products for women. One thing I thought was cool was that they have a video on their website that is words written on cardboard. This is a good vision because a lot of the time the homeless writes on cardboard to bring awareness that they need help.  They have a hashtag called #thehomelessperiod this makes me think about how I started a hashtag #equalflow.

7. Snyder, Howard A. Radical Renewal: The Problem of Wineskins Today. Touch Publications, 1996.

This book is about the poor and also the church and how they connect.  The chapter I read for this annotated bib was The Gospel of the Poor today.  This talked about how people in the church need to stop shutting out the poor and act as though they are less than.  It talks about how people in the church do a lot of analyzing of the poor but they don’t bring them in. This chapter continues to talk about Jesus and his actions.  I think this is important for me to read for my project because I can see the proper ways to act around the poor. The church sometimes acts bigger and better than the homeless and this is where a lot of problems come in.

8.scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1747&context=gsurc.

This is an art piece done by women interested in the different protests and pink tax.  Pink tax is going on all over there are certain products that have the color pink and they are products meant for women.  These pink products are taxed showing how certain things are just taxed for women and not men. There were many protests that came out of this including women gathering in front of the Houses of Parliament without any products on.  Their bloody underwear showed that these products were necessary. I thought this was really powerful to show that this is needed. Also, the author of this writing posted her artwork what was a mask she made out of tampons and she wore it in the shower and she let it get heavy and expand and this showed the weight the women had to go through.

9.Scaramella , Nicole. It’s a Part of Life. Period.

This is a document that talks about why menstruation is looked down upon.  It talks about the history of how women in the bible were told they were dirty for 7 days while in their period.  This was shocking to me because I never noticed this in this chapter. Although this is in the old testament a lot of stuff is contradicted in the new testament.  Then this document goes through the positives and negatives coming out of the word period. There is much weight on this topic and this is written well throughout this paper.  Especially with the new female taxing where they are going to tax feminine products.

10. TEDxTalks. “Period Poverty: Breaking The Silence | Amika George | TEDxCoventGardenWomen.” YouTube, YouTube, 7 Dec. 2017, www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WRuKvLMkpA.

In this TED Amika George talks about girls in other countries having to skip school for a week every month because of their periods.  She started a potion to bring free products to schools so the girls can be in school. Period poverty is a hidden problem that needs to get awareness so that these girls can go to school.  She talks about how we need to stop the silents around the topic of periods. Women are taught to keep girls there periods products from the beginning. This is even built into out commercials, for instance, naming a female produce brand “whisper” to show it needs to be silently dealt with.  The first steps to fixing period poverty are to realize it's not just a women's problem.

For my Capstone for the year of 2018 has been one that I known about since my freshman year. I have had many idea changes but in the end I finally settled with my original plan to just expand my idea and turn it into a project that I'm really proud of. I made a website for people to visit and learn about MS awareness through the mind of a high school senior, letting people into my personal life. As most of you know my mom has MS and it's something that can't be cured. This topic is important to my entire family. I spent time reaching out to different organizations that help out the MS community. I've taken part in the MS walk to raise money and I raised money on my own at school. I want to thank everyone who supported my bake sales at SLA. Together we raised over $250 dollars for the National MS Society. Along the way, I’ve also been at Morris elementary school telling people about my capstone and what has led me to this stage of my high school career. The road blocks that I've had during the process was trying to get my own booth at the MS walk, that didn't work out but it didn't stop me from helping out the local people in my area and my mom as well. This project has been pretty interesting an I believe that the four years at SLA have been just a preparation for something to be bigger and better than all of us.

Link to bibliography : https://docs.google.com/document/d/11sQGykOuS3xKjDn08FPp-K1q7QtWLfqN7AeKyWzn_IE/edit?usp=sharing

For me, the capstone process was one filled with great highs and lows. The idea for my capstone towards the end of junior year. I wanted to take the science fiction short story that I worked on during junior year, and expand on it. I originally intended on it being a full length novel, but it did not end up as such. High school, working, and the college process caused me to spend a lot of time away from my capstone. Soon I realized I would not have enough time to write a full length novel of quality, so I changed my plan and turned it into a shortened novel. With my revised idea, I spent time writing, editing, and revising my story. Using the information given from my mentor Stephanie Sessa as well as the input of friends and family I was able to produce my final product. One that I am very proud of. The book titled, Control, is a combination of science fiction and dystopian fiction that take issues of the modern world and puts them a new and different perspective. Throughout my process, the most important lesson I learned was that in order for product to be as best as it can be, there must be time put into it. Had I been given the chance to do this process again, I would allow myself more time to work on the novel so that it could be my full and complete vision. Despite this, I delivered a solid final product. 

Link to buy book

http://www.blurb.com/bookstore/cart

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10pmRkDrT9moYf5KuJby3HgNAd4mhBoLoMj90Z5LF7MQ/edit?usp=sharing

Chapter 3- Us Girls

(Section)

Lily was the optimistic one. The youngest, barely 18, she always tried to lift the mood of sorrow and anger. She tried to play games, tell stories, and such although we weren’t the cheeriest bunch up to have fun. She often spoke of her big loving family. How they spend every christmas at her grandparents cabin in the Poconos and roast marshmallows over the fire. She seemed to stay in a state of disbelief, and tried her best to remain in the past where everything was good. I guess this was her way of coping. Sit in a state of false bliss to avoid coming to terms with the actual problems. She would tell us about her life plans, and what she would do with her family once this entire “simulation” as she called it was over. She had her entire life planned. None of us had the courage to tell the poor girl that she’d probably never see them again. That she had come to the point of no return and would be stuck here forever. We let her live in a whatever bliss she created for herself to manage the pain.

Next was Alice. Quiet girl, soft spoken, around my age. Like me she had been taken on her way home from work, accept according to her accounts that had been very rough on her. She said once a main grabbed her she managed to kick his groin and run down the block, only to have three men tackle her to the ground. She was punched, gagged, and tied in down in the van. She was thrown in the cold room with the rest of us, with a bloody face and they didn’t seem to interesting her distressed appearance. I could tell she was still slightly traumatized from the experience, and was scared of anything else happening. She adopted the motto of “laying low” and never challenged the authority. After seeing a small portion of what they were capable off, she didn’t want to put herself through anymore unnecessary pain.

In most ways she was an ideal prisoner. Always did what she’s told, kept complaints to herself, and expressed no desire to leave. Accepting this as her fate, she had the mindset of listening and doing whatever it took to make it through both this day and the next. It was hard to get through her tough exterior, making it hard for any of us to get close to her. However, we would get glimpses at the girl beneath the exterior.

Sometimes, she would tell a story here and there about her family or life in general and she seemed more than a robot programed to do everything she was told, but just as the vulnerable and human side of her came out it would quickly close back up.

Lastly, there was Diamond. The exact opposite of Alice, Diamond was a spitfire, She wasn’t shy to speak her feelings of disdain for the government and the program. Something that nearly got her ruffed up by The General and a few of the guards on more than one occasion. That’s the nickname we gave to Joe. Every she expressed to us her strong desire to figure a way out, telling us that it would take the cooperation of all four of us to make it happen. It was her fierce personality and determination to never give up that brought me closer to her than the other two.

One night after dinner, she told us her story. She was a single mother, lived with her mother, and taking classes at Community College while working a full time job at the supermarket. One night she was late picking up her sun from daycare, and as she stepped out of her car was hit on the head and fell unconscious. The thing that plagued her mind most often was of the wellness of her family. She wanted to know that they were okay, and no one could give her the assurance that they indeed were. Despite her strong front, I could see the pain and sorrow within her eyes. Every so often she would utter her son’s name and her eyes would get watery. Unlike the rest of us girls, she was not just living for herself, but also for her child. The one she may not ever see again.

They tested our ovulation every other day trying to pick the perfect day. Diamond was the first one to experience the removal of her eggs. She was gone for about an hour and came back in a sea of rage and disgust feeling as though something had been stolen from her. She cursed at the gards and even flipped one of the beds. Eventually I was able to calm her down, but I had yet to experience the feeling that something had been stolen from me. But I would soon experience that very thing.

I remember slowing walked down the dimly lit hallway looking towards the big red doors. I took small steps, wanting to take up as much time as I could before I entered the room. I didn’t fully know what to expect nor did I want to find out. I walked into a what looked to be your average looking hospital room. White, clean, and abnormally silent. There was a man sitting at the desk, who if you weren’t paying attention could walk right past him. He had me completely undress and lay on an operating table. Not much interested in conversation, he was there to do a job and I was there to be used.

A man named Wayne introduced himself as the doctor. He said no more words to me before the procedure, instead just putting me to sleep. When I woke up, he was cleaning up and simply said, “You can go.” I sat up, confused at what just happened. Physically I looked the same, but my body felt as though it didn’t belong to me. Something was off, and I don’t think I ever felt the same after the procedure.

Walking back to the room, the emotions begin to fill my body. I’m not sure if I was more angered at my bodily possessions between forced out of me or the fact that those doing it had so little respect for what I was giving to them. We were giving them the “future of America” and they had not the decency to say thank you for our great contribution.

It was that night as I laid in bed staring at the ceiling that I decided I was done. Previously I tried to convince myself to go along with the program and to keep myself safe in hopes that one day I’d be able to go home, however that feeling was long gone.

I was no longer willing to actually give myself to those who were so unappreciative of it. I knew in that moment when he rudely told me to leave, that this was the end. I knew I had to escape. The next morning, right before The General, I told the girls we had something very important to discuss. When we got back to the room after retrieving breakfast, I expressed my strong feelings of disgust for the program and my desire to escape. Letting them know that if the four of us band together, we could possibly find a way out. Without even asking if there was a definite plan, they all agreed to participate. Even Alice who several times in the past spoke against escaping, arguing that dealing with our fate would be a better option. With the four of us in, we started to the planning. We realized early on that there would be a series of obstacles in our path. The first being The General.

For my Senior Capstone Project, I decided to create a wind tunnel to assist Mr. Kamal with teaching future classes about the laws of aerodynamics. A wind tunnel is something used to test model planes to see how they can fly and to test the forces on them. It creates consistency between the two campuses throughout the years, and also gives future engineering classes something different that my class never had. I chose to create this wind tunnel because it was a unique challenge. Originally, I had no idea what tools and materials I would need to use, and I didn’t know how I would the process design it. All I knew was that I have a good background in engineering, and if I worked hard enough I could succeed. I’m hoping that for future engineering classes, my project can make a small but meaningful impact on how they learn about aerodynamics.

My mentor, Mr. Kamal, helped a lot with it along with the Mr. Pilla, SLA Beeber’s engineering teacher and Mr. Kamal a colleague of Kamal’s. I also had several students help with the construction and printing aspects, including Asher, Yafang, and Boubou.

The biggest challenge of creating the process was actually brainstorming on what I wanted to do. That easily took a month of just brainstorming and meshing ideas together with Kamal. Through this process, I’ve been reminded that communication is key. Hardship arose if Mr. Kamal and I weren’t on the same page when it came to dimensions, specifications, etc. Keeping it consistent with SLA Beeber’s wind tunnel was difficult as well. I would have had better communication with Mr. Pilla from Beeber, as well as started the fabrication process much earlier in the year.

I’m proud of the fact I created a wind tunnel with no pre-existing knowledge of how it worked, what went into it, etc. Aesthetically it could use some work, but it hits the data right on the nose perfectly.

Basic Design of Flying Wing Models, www.mh-aerotools.de/airfoils/flywing1.htm.

Like some of the other sources, this one gives me the basis of the making a model plane that can be designed in the most aerodynamic way possible, so it has the best way of gliding through the wind in the wind tunnel. It gave me information on the longevity and the stability of their own example as well. It’s reliable because it’s from a Deutsch (German) University, which is known for their own aerodynamic engineering. It also gave me equations that I can use to find and calculate the wing area of the planes. It also provided me with the basics on how to create the graph on how long the plane flies for.

“Chegg.com.” Solved: A Laminar Flow Wind Tunnel Has a Test Section That Is 4... | Chegg.com, www.chegg.com/homework-help/laminar-flow-wind-tunnel-test-section-40-cm-diameter-60-cm-l-chapter-10-problem-95p-solution-9780077295462-exc.

This is the core piece of my project. After the wind tunnel is made, calculating how the sophomore and junior planes run is essential. I would have to calculate the drag, the weight, the lift, and the thrust. I’ll use this textbook to find the equations and help me calculate all of these, especially the thrust. I’ll also use this to determine which factor is the most important in the design of the plane that the sophomore and juniors create. It’s reliable because it was submitted into a textbook, and has multiple sources itself. It shows that laminar flow is the best way of flying the plane as well.

Goalieguy, and Instructables. “Cardboard Wind Tunnel.” Instructables.com, Instructables, 1 Nov. 2017, www.instructables.com/id/Cardboard-Wind-Tunnel/.

For the instructable above, I used it to gain inspiration and start my project. This is the one that Kamal had used to create his wind tunnel. He discusses the need for laminar flow, which is essential for a wind tunnel and measuring data. It shows the materials needed for a smaller scale model, one that uses materials that Kamal had used. It’s reliable because this is the exact design that Kamal had used himself to create a reliable wind tunnel that he has himself.  I’ll use this exact design but not the direct materials that this person uses, making it more sturdy and permanent rather than flimsy and unreliable.

jamesabt007, and Instructables. “How to Make a Wind Tunnel.” Instructables.com, Instructables, 22 Oct. 2017, www.instructables.com/id/How-to-make-a-wind-tunnel/.

This source is reliable again because this is one of the sources used by Kamal when he had created his wind tunnel, which worked for the seniors when he had taught aerodynamic engineering. He based his off of the one he had seen at Temple University, which has its own professional grade wind tunnel. I found it through Mr. Kamal, who sent me this and the other instructable as the instructions he had followed himself. I’m going to change the design a bit to gather the data more smoothly, and have a way implemented into the box to gather it.

“Laminar Flow.” Couette Cell for Demonstrating Laminar Flow - Apparatus or Plans Available for Purchase | Flintbox, University of New Mexico, 6 Mar. 2007, www.flintbox.com/public/project/6027/.

This is showing and explaining what Laminar Flow is, and how it’s used in real life applications. In this link, from the University of New Mexico, they display Laminar Flow

catwebster. It’s a reliable source because it’s from an educational program, the University of New Mexico. It provides me with the reasoning behind why there were straws in the instructable designs above, and how it helps with the plane’s flying and replicates reality. I found this source through a youtube video that was from the college, demonstrating how the airflow would look. It’ll help my capstone by providing a realistic view and demonstration inside of the wind tunnel, so the plane flies in conditions it would in real life.

NASA, NASA, www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/tunnozd.html.

NASA is obviously a reliable source, but for this I used this source to determine were to gather the data for the planes. It showed me that the best place to gather the data is right next to the direct flow from the laminar flow. It also gave me labels for each individual piece of the wind tunnel, so that in the process paper I can be more direct with the naming of each individual piece. The piece also shows that having a smaller “throat” of the tunnel would increase the wind speed of the tunnel, so making it better conditions to test the plane.

“Plane Statistics.” Plane Statistics -, www.cpalms.org/Public/PreviewResourceLesson/Preview/128898.

This article is useful because it will give me the best way to present the data I gather from the wind tunnel. It gave me how I should present the data through a presentation. The article’s domain is reliable because it’s known for giving educators good lesson plans and documenting the best way of presenting this data. It also provided me with a way of presenting the idea to the sophomores and juniors when they have to gather their own data. The best way of presenting this data through my final presentation is via graphs and infographics.

UIUC Airfoil Data Site, m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads.html.

The source I chose was part of the University of Illinois, the Department of Aerospace engineering which is perfect for my capstone. It’s filled with useful links and information on airfoils, which will come in handy when I’m testing the prototype and the final product. It’s incredibly reliable, because it’s not only from a University but it’s also from the department of aerospace engineering from a prestigious university. This will be the site were I gather the majority of my plans and ideas for the perfect model plane design. This will give me more information and open my mind to the best planes to use.

“What is the best design for a small flying wing with special flight envelope?” Aerodynamics - What is the best design for a small flying wing with special flight envelope? - Aviation Stack Exchange, aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/30034/what-is-the-best-design-for-a-small-flying-wing-with-special-flight-envelope.

This article helps just because if I want to design the best possible wind tunnel, you need to design the best possible small model plane design as well. The article lists how the best wing design has wings that are not double decker; but slick and long in design. The article also gives several examples of perfect model plane designs, with real life examples being Boeing Scaneagle. The source is reliable because it has multiple degrees of verification to make sure the poster has some degree of expertise. The source is a comment chain on how a model plane has a good wing span.

What I did for my capstone is I did a sculpture of a dog for animal awareness/cruelty. I first started by getting the supplies needed. After that me and my friend made the head and stuffed newspaper in it to make it sturdy, then made the ears which took a bit of time, the snout was was kind of difficult to make due to the shape of it , and the eyes were ok. It was hard, but it was not easy to do.. Next we did the body of the dog that was a little difficult. I hard to figure out what size and shape we were going to use. Then we made the legs and the tail which was easy enough. The only problem with the legs and tail was they kept breaking off easily, so we were able to find a way to stop it from breaking. The final thing we did for the capstone is that we painted the dog it was tedious to do the eyes because if you mess up, you have to redo it, next we did the glossing which was hard at all. Lastly we went to a dog walk and went to some animal shelters in the area and collected pamphlets that promotes animal awareness and prevents animal cruelty and post them around the school. So that is what I did to complete my capstone.

For my annotated bibliography I am going to show the definition of animal cruelty and animal awareness, how you can support animal awareness and how to prevent animal cruelty, some facts that you do not know about this topic.

Source: 1

HSUS. “Animal Cruelty Facts and Stats.” Animal Cruelty Facts and Stats: The Humane Society of the United States, 25 Jan. 2018, www.humanesociety.org/issues/abuse_neglect/facts/animal_cruelty_facts_statistics.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/?

This website shows many facts and info on animal cruelty. I found this to be reliable because it tells you facts about this topic in full detail. Like for example the most common animal in animal cruelty are dogs at a high 70.1 percent. It also shows organizations that hosts events that show animal cruelty. It also shows that people who abuse animals, also abuse their children and/or their spouses and that 71 percent of domestic violence victims reported that their abuser also abuses animals. Another thing is that Intentional cruelty to animals is strongly associated with other crimes, including violence against people.

Source: 2

Animal Planet. “20 Ways to Raise Awareness.” Animal Planet, 1 Oct. 2014, www.animalplanet.com/helping-pets/roar/awareness/

This website is good to use because it teaches you how to support animal awareness in many different ways. I noticed that most of the ways to support this cause is to either to host an event, rally, or a Fundraiser to help the animals to get what they need to live and survive. There are also some small things you can do support the cause becoming a mentor to show people the way to animal awareness and get them to join the cause. Another is one of the most common things to do to support awareness and it is volunteering at your local animal rescue center.

Source: 3

“PAWS - People Helping Animals.” Animal Cruelty » PAWS, 25 Jan. 2018, www.paws.org/kids/learn/animal-cruelty/.

This source is helpful because it shows what to do and what not what not to do in a case where you run in animal cruelty. Animal cruelty is when someone hurts an animal or does not care for an animal’s well-being, like not giving a dog or cat food and water. When you see animal abuse, do not intervene because not only the animal’s life will be in more danger, It will put at risk of getting hurt.  Even though it is sad, it’s the right thing to do is call someone for help and let the situation play out. Also it’s a known fact that people that abuse animals, were most likely abused in their past.

Source: 4

MSPCA. “What Is Animal Cruelty?” MSPCA-Angell, 26 Jan. 2018, www.mspca.org/cruelty-prevention/what-is-animal-cruelty/.

This website is useful because it tells you about what are different types of actions that is and turns into animal abuse/cruelty. One of the most common way to abuse an animal is: No water or food, abandon it, no shelter, and unsanitary household. Uncommon ways to abuse animals are running animal over, to give away for profit and attending a animal fight club and it does count as animal abuse if you do attend one because since your not helping a abused animal in a fight club and letting it fight. Does not matter how you put is still animal cruelty if attend these types of events.

Source: 5

Allen, Colin, and Michael Trestman. “Animal Consciousness.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, 24 Oct. 2016, plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-animal/.

This source tells you the philosophy of animal awareness or in scientific terms: animal consciousness and how it became a thing in today’s society. It tells you the history of animal awareness and a in depth analysis on animal consciousness. Also it shows the structure and the evolution of animal awareness of the years. To see what has changed with it and what has not changed with animal awareness. As that went on, a called animal suffering or commonly known as animal cruelty. It shows that when there is a good thing, there is always a bad side to it.

Source: 6

“Sensitivity and Self-Awareness in Animals.” One Voice, 26 Jan. 2018, one-voice.fr/en/blog/sensitivity-and-self-awareness-in-animals.html.

This website tells you how sensitive animal is and how animal has an impact on the world. It also tells you how some people use animals as test subjects in scientific/chemistry labs. Another to mention is how we use animals for dissection projects, medical research, and cage them for fun. This is all a form of torture to an animal. Some people who this do not even notice how the animal feels. They’re another ways to find a solution other than animal testing and such, but people do this because it is more convenient for them test on animals than other things.

Source: 7

“Yes, Animals Think And Feel. Here's How We Know.” National Geographic, National Geographic Society, 15 July 2015, news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/07/150714-animal-dog-thinking-feelings-brain-science/.

For this source, it is going to be about how animals feel and how animals think. To humans we think animals only think about is food, water, shelter and sleep, but they actually think about others well-being and instinct. They know something good will happen or something bad will happen to them or others. They care about our safety as much as humans do, but to some people do not see that in animals. Some people see them as lazy animals or animals that are energetic and annoying creatures, but most of us do no think like that because we treat animals as equals.

Source: 8                                                                                                                                               Bekoff, Marc. “Do Animals Know Who They Are?” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 6 July 2009, www.psychologytoday.com/blog/animal-emotions/200907/do-animals-know-who-they-are.

This is going to be about animals knowing who they are and how they they are animals. When some animals look in a reflective type of material, they either do not react to it at all or they that it is another one of their kind. Sometimes don’t you think that when animal see itself they think “Wow that’s me?” Some animals know because of their speech, appearance, animal like reflexes and such other things like that. Some animals don’t even think that they are animals. They probably think that they are humans like us, but they don’t that they are animals

Source: 9

“11 Facts About Animal Cruelty.” DoSomething.org | Volunteer for Social Change, TMI, 26 Jan. 2018, www.dosomething.org/us/facts/11-facts-about-animal-cruelty.

This source is going to be about facts about animal abuse that people did not know. One fact is that there has been an estimated 900 to 2,000 new cases every year of animal hoarding in the US, with 250,000 animals falling victim. Another fact is over 115 million animals like  mice, rats, dogs, cats, rabbits, monkeys, birds, among others, are killed in laboratory experiments worldwide for chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing every year. Final fact is more than 50% the fur in the US comes from China, where millions of dogs and cats are often bled to death and skinned alive for their fur. Chinese fur is often mislabeled, so if you wear any fur, there’s no sure way of knowing whose skin you’re in.

Source 10

This source is going to be about fun facts and the dos and don’ts of animals. One fact is If an animal changes its behavior, you are too close which means either they are scared of you or they feel threatened by you. The World Animal Awareness Society has campaign specific goals as well as organizational goals. The organization has multiple locations in the United States that you can join. It tells what the situation is in that area and how you can support animal awareness in different states. People do not know about this because is it not that well known.