How Does Evolution Impact the Social Behavior of Hanuman
Langurs?
The Hanuman Langur is an Asian monkey; whose social behavior is
uncanny. Their troops consist of both males and females numbering around 125.
The head male—of a troop where there is one male—is competing with other males
to maintain his position as leader. When a group of males overthrow the leader
—so to speak—they kill his offspring. After that “ritual” one male becomes they
new leader. That male then mates with the females of the troop and the process
is repeated. The males gain a reproductive advantage because the females are at
their maximum sexual receptivity when they lose their offspring.
·This species is
vulnerable to infanticide.
·Males attack the
infants only if they were not present at the time of contraception.
·The males are
usually protective of their offspring, however somestill kill their own young.
Ecology, Social Structure & Evolution
·Ecology pressures
that influence sex ratio populations also affect group size and social
structure.
·Increasing the Hanuman Langur troop size might prevent takeover and infanticide.
One study reports that species such as:P.ursinus, Propithecus diadema, and
Semnopithecus entellus (Hanuman Langur) have over a 10 percent mortality rate
of infants. Another species, the Red Howler species, shows that the rate of
infanticide increases with group size. However, there was a change in rate when
the Red Howler groups became large enough to cause paternal confusion—the males in the
species normally do not kill their own young. The confusion causes males refrain from infanticide, which causes an overall decrease in the
infanticide rate.
Because the social behavior of the Hanuman Langur depends on
ecology...ecological evolution impacts the behavior. The ecology of the Hanuman
Langur includes varied troop sizes and varied troop constituents, which evoke
different behaviors. As previously stated, troop size impacts the level of infanticide.
Questions for Research
What does the social behavior of hanuman langur imply about
evolutionary desires to be a leader or at an advantage by any means?
What does this behavior say about evolution in general?
Question: How do diseases in animals and diseases in humans show the different evolutionary paths that we have gone down and what does it say about our immune systems?
Animals and humans can get the same diseases but to my knowledge there are some diseases that we are immune to that they aren't and vice versa. Humans have had an advantage for the past century or so with having plumbing access to for the most part clean water and other means to prevent and fight diseases. Penicillin and amoxicillin are among pills that are made to fight and prevent diseases. Animals on the other hand have evolved in the wild where they have to rely on natural selection and how they have evolved to adapt in their environments to fight off sickness and disease.
Zoonotic diseases are diseases naturally able to transfer from animals to humans and vice versa. This shows that we share some of the same immune system capabilities as animals. For instance it is known that while sharks are able to get cancer their immune system prevents cancer/tumors from being able to grow.The recent Swine Flu outbreak is recent evidence of this resulting in many people becoming ill and around 12,000 actual deaths in the U.S. in the recent 2009-2010 outbreaks, and shows how diseases originate in animals and transfer to humans. AIDS however is a disease that cannot from my knowledge and research thus far, be contracted by animals except for in chimps. Is this because of our DNA similarities and because of the similar evolutionary path that we have gone down? Also, how has the evolutionary path of diseases influence how and who it effects between animals and humans? What about the sharks? Has evolving in the ocean over these millions of years gave them a sort of advantage from not letting cancer or tumors progress?
These following links show other diseases and how either vaccines are similar or animals and humans can contract similar diseases.
Since the beginning of time,
women and men were on two different scales. Women are usually the housekeepers
and did not have much say in society. Because they are the housekeepers and
produce milk for their young this is an evolutionary basis.
For some animals there are males that
produce milk or lactate, just as a woman does. I would consider this an
evolutionary basis as well because this is usually something that happens in
women. Or what should only happen in women.
Just as human women produce, there are
other animals species who are able to produce as well. Although this is true,
the reproductive system is different for all. Animals can reproduce more than
one child at a time. For example a fish can have multiple babies at one time,
but human women can only have one baby at a time or if they or their partner
carry the gene, can have twins which isn’t as common in the human population.
It’s also different with breastfeeding. There are some male animals who lactate
and human men are able to lactate as well.
One of those animals is The Dayak fruit
bat is a bat that produces milk, but this is a normal function of the bat. Also
there is a male goat that produces milk on occasion. According to an article
called Male Lacation by Professor Patty
Stuart Macadam. Human men are able to lacate after having a baby suck on
the nipple after several weeks. This shows the evolution of the human women
role to it being passed on to men.
There are also other male mammals that
do not lactate but have the role of the “stay at home,” the Deer Mice is one of
these. According to NOVA Online, the Deer Mice guard the young while the other
goes out to eat This shows how the roles of the partners can be switched up,
for different reasons.
In
human society, this is not the case with men. Men cannot reproduce but they are
the reasons on why reproduction is possible. It shows how closely related we
are with animals but how we are also different.
Further
questions:
Why
are there mammals that take on the role of the “stay at home” but are not able
to lactate?
Why can the Dayak fruit bat lactate but not breast-feed? What is the propose?
Why
don’t we recycle? There are many answers to this question but yet it is still a
question we have. Recycling is something we should to make sure our environment
is in good condition for everything that needs to be done. In art class we
needed to create something that dealt with recycling for us and that meant
something to us. Well for this project I decided to use shoeboxes and the
tissue paper that comes in the boxes. I made a question mark out of the tissue paper and put it on
the box in a 3d view.
Not many people recycle these things.
They want to but they keep their shoeboxes and then when they are tired of them
they just throw them away. Sometimes intentional other times just wanting the
space and not caring. So I wanted to do something that would mean something to
me. I really like sneakers and I didn’t use to recycle them either. But when I
realized what effect it was having on the environment I changed that.
The
boxes are just something I needed so that it can hold the question mark. I made
a question mark because it’s asking the question why. It’s making a silent but
very loud statement trying to figure out why people don’t recycle these things.
I made the question mark 3d because I wanted it to pop so that people will be
able to see it. I wanted people to look at it and get that feeling of “why?” If people do that then I will
have accomplished my message.
When I was given this project, so many ideas flowed into my head. There
was this battle going in my head about what I wanted to do. I had many ideas
but I kept knocking them down because I didn’t feel like I had enough time or
materials to accomplish what I wanted. The project that Ms. Hull assigned was
to turn recyclables or trash into a piece of work. This project sort of piggy
backed off of our previous project where we made bottle cap posters.
My thought process was to go through a
list of recyclables and see if I could make anything out of them. However, I
started wonder, Why recyclables if they
can actually be recycled?I
thought my project should be made out of something that is not able to be
recycled. It would be a more effective way of helping out with the environment
and it would make sense to use something that can’t be recycled because it
would be going towards art instead of wasting away.
My original idea was to make a collage out
of light bulbs shaped as a human brain. Once I had the collage of light bulbs
together I would break some of the lights bulbs in a area on the brain to
symbol the damage it could do. Light bulbs because you can’t throw them in the
recycling bin and not everyone choose to carefully package them and properly
dispose of them. The dangerous toxins that are released mercury that can damage
your brain and other parts of your body. I thought that would be cool but 1) I
didn’t know where to get all those light bulbs, if I brought them I didn’t
think that would help either and 2) I wasn’t sure if it would inspire anyone to
do the same thing or ‘recycle their light bulbs properly’. So in the end it
might not have been a ‘cool’ idea.
Then I came to thinking about this
plastic bag video I saw in my physics class last year. I learned that plastic
bags takes about anywhere form 450 to 1,000 years to break down. And between
that I can used to hold your lunch, pick up your dog’s poop, fly away until it
gets caught on a fence or even the throats of birds, or swimming in waterways and
into the throats of fishes.
And then I came across this blog with
this idea of taking all the plastics bags in my home and fusing them together
to make a bigger and durable bag that I can use everyday and take with me
everywhere. I wanted to make something that would be handy and that even I would use. I used scissors, iron, copy paper, thread, sewing machine, and of
course plastic bags. I would cut off the handles and the bottom of the bag. If
there were ink on the bag (which majority of my bags did) I would open them up
and turned it inside out. Then folded them in half a couples of times or you
can layer that bag with a couple more bags. Place it on top of the copying
paper and then put another page of copying paper on top, sort of sandwich it
between the two copying papers. Turn on the iron and swivel the iron on the
paper a couples of times, make sure to get the corners because you need to make
sure those are melted together pretty good. After that you have your patch!
After that, I made a bunch more and sew them together. Here's my process:
Throughout
history, human ancestors did not always possess the ability to throw, a skill
that propelled them to the top of the animal kingdom. This skill is based in
the shape of the shoulder joint. In apes, this joint opens
upwards, making it ideal for hanging on trees, but incapable of accurate
projection. As humanoids turned to walking as their primary means of
transportation, the joints and shoulder blades slowly fell. Approximately
500,000 years ago, they arrived in their present horizontal, coat-hanger-like
position.
Ape Shoulder
Human shoulder
Ape shoulder (top) and human shoulder (bottom)
With a joint that opened horizontally, instead of vertically, early humans were able to rotate their arms in an almost any direction. This semi-boundless motion allowed them to throw with an accuracy much greater than that of their ancestors. Apes are known to throw rocks, but soon humanoids began to hunt with wooden spears, placing them at a great advantage over any other animal.
The use of projectile weapons was one major difference between Neanderthals and modern humans. In the midst of their relatively rapid evolution, it is possible that Neanderthals' bodies never evolved to allow accurate throwing. It is hypothesized that their shoulders were much more ape-like in shape and position.According to Steven Churchill, an anthropology professor at Duke University, "Perhaps their...short, squat body build with short and massive limbs was not conducive to using throwing-based hunting technology." The ability to hunt from a distance gave humans a distinct advantage over Neanderthals. We could hunt safely, giving us a higher chance of returning home to reproduce. This is a possible reason for the extinction of Neanderthals, modern humans most formidable rivals; we simply outhunted them.
The one question that seems to be unanswered is a question of "What if?". What if our shoulders had never fallen to their present position? What if we were unable to throw a weapon from a distance and injure or kill our target? Would we be the most dominant species on the planet? Would we still be living alongside Neanderthals? Most importantly, would we still exist at all or would we have been replaced by another species better suited for life on Earth?
Question:How is
Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire theories impact the era at the time and paved
the way for future evolutionist?
Etienne
Geoffroy Saint-Hilarie once said “Nature ... tends to repeat the same organs in
the same number and in the same relations, and varies to infinity only their
form. In accordance with this principle I shall have to draw my conclusions, in
the determining the bones of the fish's skull, not from a consideration of their
form, but from a consideration of their connections.”
Sanit-Hailarie
derived this quotes from his theory on animals sharing the same characteristics
regardless of an animals origin. He made several comparisons with animal’s
connection opposed to their connection to one another.
Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
a profound French naturalist created the principle unity of composition. In
1772 Etienne came into this world and impacted forevermore the way we look at
the modification of animals overtime.The Herbet Spencer, Darwin, Patrick Mathew and many more wouldn’t have
based there theories on the evolution of life if he didn’t pave they way.
Etienne took over the early
1800s with his theory then later Darwin evolved his theory to conclude natural
selection many decades later. In giving him full credit is ignoring his early
influence Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Haire who was his professor.
The
concept of an animal forming the same elements sparked a controversial impact
in the 1800s. In actually believing that animals shared the same features
baffled the unknowing scientific world. Etienne friend Curve heated over large
misconceptions that lead to there ending friendship.
This iMovie is composed of the FDA Amendment Acts of 2007. I thought it was be very creative to make a slideshow with pictures and imperative information related t my law. Within this presentation you will see pictures and hear me talking about this law and all of the essential questions required to be answered for this presentation.
So at the beginning of this quarter I was assigned basically
to design something to represent recycling or the environment or something
along that line. And that was it. That was the only direction that I was really
given for this project. This meant that I had a large span of freedom to work
with on this project. I wasn’t sure how to handle that first because of how
many ideas that I had rushing through my eyes.
The first idea that I actual liked was to build a city out
of bottles and cans. I would make it look like some kind of futurist thing
because of how the inside of a can and bottles can be shiny if light hits them
right.
It seemed like a good idea, but when I started to try to
work it out, I couldn’t figure out how I wanted to make it work I didn’t know
how to organize the different bottles and in the end it just didn’t work out
the way I wanted it to.
The next big Idea I got was in the middle of class. There
was a bunch of foam and then looking at it made me want to make a table from
it. Maybe paint a cool design on it to represent recycling. So I started on
that. Then I saw my friend who had extra pieces from what she was working on.
As I was looking at them I started thinking about how most big things in America
have some kind of mascot. Wendy’s has the Ginger Girl, McDonalds has the clown,
Kmart has the light bulb guy. But why doesn’t recycling have an official mascot
to stand for it. I mean, there’s just that little symbol thing. “I should make
one.” I thought to myself. And so that’s what I’ve been working with so far. I
went with the feel of the material I was using and in a way, let the art create
itself. I cut out a head and the used my friends extra piece and ended up with
a horse bird thing that had headphones.
Right now I’m in the process of painting it, but I think I want
to build a setting around it. The reason it’s not done is because I feel as
though I need to do a little more with it. There’s something missing from it
that I have to have for it to be complete. Also, I ran out of paint in the
middle of painting so I need to go buy some more.
My group was asked to make a video for Noah on how to conjugate verbs into the Preterite forms. We each took a job and broke it down easily enough for him to understand how to change each verb into the past tense. Soon after we told Noah about our summers and conjugated the verbs as well to make sure he understood what it meant to talk in the past tense. With that my group and I wish you the best of luck in trying to communicate in Spanish
On April 30th of 2004 I
proposed to Congress the idea of raising the minimum wage rate because of the
effect it has on our country. Citizens of America fail to see that our countries
economy isn’t flourishing as well as it could be, considering the amount of
poverty we have in this country. According to the US
Census Bureau, 35.9 million people live below the poverty line, that including
12.9 million children. Poverty is not tied to an absolute value of how
much an individual or family can afford, but is tied to a relative level based
on how much the average individual makes. Statistics show that most Americans
will live below the poverty line for at least one year when they are in between
the ages of 25 and 75.
Minimum wage from $5.15 to $7 over three
years and would be the first raise in the minimum wage in seven years. Under
the suggested bill, the minimum hourly wage would increase by $0.70 two months
after the legislation is signed into law. One year later, it would increase
again by $0.60, and in the third year the minimum wage would increase by $0.55,
bringing the minimum wage to $7 an hour. Currently working at a job, which is
40 hours a week, that being 52 weeks in a year, when worked out the average
worker would have earned only $10,700, within that year, which is still $5,000
below the poverty line for a family of three. One parent working 40 hours per
week at current minimum wage earns only 40% of the estimated cost to raise two children. How
can we live off of just that?
As senator, I proposed this bill hoping to
get it passed, in order to create a higher living standard for those of poverty
and those who are poor, but on October 19th, 2004, my bill was voted
against. This infers to me, how much do our politicians care about our people?
Are we living in the same world? Or is it that because the politicians earn so
much money off of American citizens tax dollars that the issues of whose
suffering because of the laws congress set in place doesn't matter?
In 2005, I attempted to propose my bill
again, but again it was rejected. In 2007, my comrade George Miller came up
with the idea that the minimum wage rate conflicted with the Fair Labor
Standards Act of 1938, which made the House have no choice, but to pass the
bill. The act raises the federal minimum wage in 3 increments: to $5.85 per
hour 60 days after enactment (2007-07-24), to $6.55 per hour 12 months after
that (2008-07-24), and finally to $7.25 per hour 12 months after that
(2009-07-24). One of the biggest aspects of the bill was that the republicans
and president Bush wanted to add tax cuts of small businesses. The House and
the Senate passed the minimum wage on May 24, 2007 as part of HR 2206, the
supplemental aid of the Iraq War. As part of the deal, $4.8 billion worth of
tax breaks are going to be given to small business over a 10-year period to
offset the wage increase.
Minimum wage didn’t change for tipped
employees, leaving it at $5.15 fro most places. Though this bill only suggests
a MINIMUM wage, which they can choose to exceed or sustain, I still believe
that this isn’t enough. My original idea was to have it increase, year by year,
little by little, to make our society and its price of living more livable. The
average person spends about $50 a day according to Us News, $50 multiplied by
365, the amount of days in a year, amounts to $18, 250, which is higher than
the poverty line for a family of three people. Even with the raise in minimum
wage, the fact still stands that Americans are still living well below the
poverty level and most of these Americans have families to take care of and
tend to, with the couple thousand dollars they earn a year.
Though, I helped
lead the torch in an aspect of Americas economy progression, I don't feel I’ve
done enough. We as a culture and people should continue to grow, the stronger
we are as a country, the easier it is for us to flourish. This year, I plan to
propose, the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2010. With the citizens and not just
politicians in mind, I am hoping to one day, lessen the percentage of people
who are well below the poverty line, instead of watching it grow every year. Supporting
our country, helps build our country.
Charles
Darwin's theory of evolution is the widespread belief that all life is related
and has descended from a common ancestor and that birds, fruits, fish and
reptiles are all related. It is said that complex creatures evolve from more
simplistic ancestors naturally over time. Many people believe it is a fact, but
the theory of evolution is flawed and that is why it is only a theory. How can
evolution be true if it contradicts the knowledge of scientific things we
already understand?
The
beginning of life through the theory of evolution came along by chance. Science
shows that in order for a cell to survive and reproduce, it must have DNA, RNA
and proteins, which are complex molecules. What is the probability that DNA,
RNA and protein formed by chance? RNA is needed to produce proteins but at the
same time proteins are needed in the production of RNA transcription. One
couldn’t exist without the other. What are the odds of both RNA and protein
appear by probability at the same time and place?
The
way cells work and are made are too complicated to be made by chance through
evolution. The probability for every cell to know it’s job in the body and work
in harmony for it to properly run the body is nearly close to zero percent.
Marshall
Brain, author of the article “How Evolution Works” said that the first living cells had to possess “A cell wall, the
ability to grow, the ability to process other molecules floating outside the
cell as food to create energy and the ability to split itself to reproduce.”
How did a cell know how to do these things in the beginning of evolution? It
takes time for a trait to be pass on but the chance of all these traits to
already be given to the first form of life is low. Even though some things have
been proven factual in the theory of evolution such as natural selection, the
origin of life from the theory of evolution is hard to believe.
6. Abramowitz, Elkan. "The Hyde Amendment: Congress
Creates a Toehold for Curbing Wrongful Prosecution ." National Association of Criminal Defense
Lawyers. NACDL, 03/1998. Web. 9 Nov 2010. http://www.nacdl.org/CHAMPION/ARTICLES/98mar04.htm
The
purpose of this video is to teach Noah and other how to congregate
verbs into the past tense. After watching this video you should be able
to have the knowledge of how to congregate verbs into past tense and
use it as a helpful guide. The video shows an example of a real life
situation where congregation happens and then gives a more detailed
explanation in English so that the viewer (Noah) is able to understand.
We are really proud of the Keynote because it is clear and easy to
understand. If we had more time we would of recorded more. Does this video help you any in understanding how to congregate?
The
purpose of this project is to teach Noah, a friend of Srta. G.'s, how to speak Spanish using different verb tenses such as the present tense and preterite tense. After watching our tutorial, Noah should be
able to greet people and speak in the correct tenses.
The only questions I have for Noah are...
Do
you like Spain so far?
Do you think our video helped you at all?
How
is it being emerged in Spanish and not know any of it, does it make it
easier to pick up on?
While studying The Scarlet Letter, Juno, and Easy A,
our Sexuality and Society in Literature class examined the thematic
connections between the three "texts" and crafted creative projects
(accompanied by written self-reflections) that sought to capture a
major theme from the works.
Senior Brett Chapman chose to focus on the idea of an individual
feeling ostracized by the larger society based on choices she/he made.
He states, "For my thematic project, I chose to focus on social
outcasts and use a teen lens. Fabricating t-shirts, each with a
different message, I explored choices some teens make that lead us to
judge and isolate them. Thus, each t-shirt is an expression of an
outcast in the 21st century. The following pictures are of teenagers
who have volunteered their time to participate in this photo shoot. The
statements printed on the shirts do not display factual information of
the models." The
T-shirts and photos are displayed on the third floor outside of Room
303.http://teachertube.com/members/viewVideo.php?video_id=203282&title=Brett_Chapman_I_Am_Video
Senior Beth Knibbe chose to write an original song with lyrics to
explore the themes of intellect vs. passion and love deeply rooted in
true emotions. In her self-reflection, she expresses "I tried to start
writing some lyrics [for my project] but I was coming up with nothing.
I decided to think of some places in The Scarlet Letter
where I saw these themes most prominently. The first part was the scene
in the forest where Hester is watching Dimmesdale walk along the path
before she approaches him. This got the ball rolling for me." Inspired
by the text, Beth composed a listless guitar melody to match
Dimmesdale's state of mind. The rest is up to you to relfect on.
Download her song and take a listen for yourself.
For our first quarter benchmark in American Government, we were tasked with telling the story of one bill's journey to becoming a law. I chose to research the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005, which sought to overturn President Bush's 2001 policy, which halted federal funding for stem cell research on new embryos. The story contained a few twists and the journey was influenced by many outside parties.
Below is the link to my comic book. Once it opens, simply click the thumbnail to view the entire book.
